Understanding Autism and Behavioral Approaches

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Questions and Answers

At what age do signs of autism typically appear?

3 or 4 years old

2 or 3 years old (correct)

4 or 5 years old

1 or 2 years old

Which of the following is a characteristic of a savant individual with autism?

Exceptional memory or specific skills (correct)

Involvement in many social activities

Inability to understand basic concepts

Limited creative abilities

What unusual behavior is mentioned in relation to children with autism?

Making many friends

Talking excessively

Exhibiting hand flapping (correct)

Participating in sports

What prompted Donna to eat lettuce?

She liked rabbits Signup and view all the answers

How did Donna relate to her imaginary friends?

She relied on them for socialization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skills might a savant individual exhibit?

Near picture-perfect memory Signup and view all the answers

What is one notable calculation a savant performed?

Doubling 8,388,628 twenty-four times Signup and view all the answers

What might hinder individuals with autism in social situations?

Difficulty in making friends Signup and view all the answers

What does the behavioral approach primarily focus on?

How organisms learn new behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does the evolutionary approach NOT specifically study?

Cultural influences on mental processes Signup and view all the answers

What goal do psychologists aim to achieve by using different approaches to studying autism?

To enhance the understanding and potential treatment of autism Signup and view all the answers

Why might alternate personalities, such as Willie, develop according to the psychoanalytic approach?

As a result of unresolved inner conflicts Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the four goals of psychology mentioned?

To predict human behavior Signup and view all the answers

How do environmental events influence the behavioral approach?

They reward or punish specific behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which approach seeks to explain human behavior through the lens of adaptation and natural selection?

Evolutionary approach Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of personality does the case of Donna illustrate in the study of psychology?

The complexity of human behavior and alternate identities Signup and view all the answers

What influences behavior according to Bandura's social cognitive approach?

Observation and thought processes Signup and view all the answers

What is one method for managing test anxiety mentioned in the content?

Redirecting worry into studying Signup and view all the answers

Why are Donna and her husband's rules an example of a behavioral principle?

They show how rules can modify behavior through rewards or punishments. Signup and view all the answers

How can behavioral principles be applied in training, based on the content?

For both animals and humans Signup and view all the answers

What is excessive worrying characterized as in the context of test anxiety?

A cognitive component that can be redirected Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of behavior does the behavioral approach primarily analyze?

Observable behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of behavioral techniques developed by psychologists?

To modify behaviors such as assertiveness Signup and view all the answers

What has research suggested about the cognitive component of test anxiety?

It can be transformed into a positive force. Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are believed to cause autism?

Environmental and genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend screening for autism?

18 months Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of early diagnosis of autism mentioned in the content?

It allows for early intervention. Signup and view all the answers

How does autonomy in parenting differ across cultures regarding school involvement?

Some cultures promote independence and responsibility. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of perception does Gestalt psychology focus on?

The holistic experience of perception Signup and view all the answers

What is a cross-cultural difference in how test anxiety is expressed by Indian students?

Through physical symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

Who provides treatment for children with autism?

A wide range of professionals, including psychiatrists Signup and view all the answers

What was the dominant force in American psychology from the 1920s to the 1960s?

Behaviorism Signup and view all the answers

Why might cultural factors influence perceptions of autism in different countries?

Different cultures may have varying beliefs about mental health. Signup and view all the answers

Who significantly expanded the ideas of behaviorism in American psychology?

B.F. Skinner Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon would Gestalt psychologists likely focus on when explaining the experience of moving traffic lights?

The interaction with the observer Signup and view all the answers

What has changed recently regarding perceptions of autism in South Korea?

Children with autism are now more included in society. Signup and view all the answers

What limitation was identified by Gestalt psychologists regarding the structuralist approach?

Inability to explain holistic experiences Signup and view all the answers

What ongoing influence has the Gestalt approach had since the 1970s?

It remains relevant in explaining object perception Signup and view all the answers

What did the experience of perceiving moving traffic lights illustrate about human perception?

Perception can create experiences that differ from reality Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to psychology began to challenge behaviorism in the 1970s?

Cognitive Psychology Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction

The text introduces autism through a fictional character named Donna.
Donna has unique behaviors and a history of unusual behaviors, which could be attributed to autism
The text explores the behavioral approach to understanding autism, highlighting how the environment influences behaviors through rewards and punishments.
Autism is complex and multifaceted, encompassing social, behavioral, and cognitive aspects.

The Role of the Environment in Shaping Behaviors

Psychologists use behavioral principles to understand and modify behaviors.
Behavioral principles are used to train animals and to treat humans.
Self-management skills, rooted in behavioral principles, can help individuals redirect worry and improve test performance.

Causes of Autism

Researchers believe environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of autism.
Early diagnosis is crucial for effective intervention and treatment.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening for autism as early as 18 months.

Cultural Perspectives on Autism

Public perceptions of autism vary across different cultures.
South Korea has seen positive changes in its approach to autism in recent years.
The text highlights the importance of the cross-cultural approach in psychology, understanding how culture influences psychological and social functioning.

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Test Anxiety

Culture influences the intensity and expression of test anxiety.
How students express test anxiety varies across cultures, with Indian students expressing it through physical symptoms.

The Gestal Approach to Perception

The Gestalt approach emphasizes that perception is more than just the sum of sensory information.
Our perception of the world is influenced by how we organize and interpret sensory information.
Gestalt principles are still used to explain how we perceive objects.
Gestalt psychologists believe our experience of seeing moving traffic lights is different from the actual fixed lights flashing in sequence.

The Dominance and Evolution of Behaviorism

Behaviorism was the dominant approach in American psychology from the 1920s to 1960s.
Behaviorism was popularized by B.F. Skinner and other behaviorists.
Behaviorism's dominance began to be challenged in the 1970s and continues to be modified today.

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Description

This quiz explores the complexities of autism as illustrated through the character Donna. It delves into the role of environmental factors in shaping behaviors and discusses the behavioral principles used in understanding and modifying these behaviors. The quiz also addresses the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.