Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of Behavioral Intervention Plans (BIP)?

  • To identify students with disabilities
  • To create formal plans based on FBA findings (correct)
  • To reduce the need for communication skills
  • To remove students from inclusive settings

    • Which approach focuses on integrating students with ASD into general education settings?

  • Functional Behavioral Assessment
  • Behavioral Supports
  • Supported employment
  • Inclusive education (correct)

    • What has research consistently found regarding vaccines and autism?

  • The MMR vaccine increases autism risk
  • Vaccines are a leading cause of autism
  • There is no link between vaccines and autism (correct)
  • Thimerosal in vaccines triggers autism symptoms

    • What is the purpose of Functional Behavioral Assessment/Analysis?

    <p>To identify the function of problem behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a characteristic of Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)?

    <p>Providing specialized education outside mainstream classrooms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant change introduced in the DSM-5 regarding autism diagnoses?

    <p>Consolidation of separate diagnoses into Autism Spectrum Disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment method focuses on the function of a behavior rather than its topography?

    <p>Functional Behavioral Assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI)?

    <p>Targeting developmental skills in children under age 5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT a common aspect of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Intensity of fears or phobias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of boys are diagnosed with autism compared to girls?

    <p>Boys are nearly 4 times more likely than girls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching method uses visual supports to facilitate learning?

    <p>TEACCH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Adaptive Behavior (Vineland) assessment?

    <p>To assess personal, social, and adaptive skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interventions helps in promoting social skills in individuals with ASD?

    <p>Peer-mediated interventions and role-playing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic commonly associated with autism?

    <p>Resistance to environmental change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'persistent deficits in social communication' in the context of Autism Spectrum Disorders?

    <p>Inability to recognize emotions in others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following criteria is NOT part of the DSM-5 definition of Autism Spectrum Disorders?

    <p>Symptoms must be diagnosed before age 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'social-emotional reciprocity' entail regarding social interactions in individuals with autism?

    <p>Difficulty in turn-taking during conversations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of autism, what would 'echolalia' refer to?

    <p>Repeating phrases or sounds heard from others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which additional specifier can be associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders?

    <p>With or without accompanying language impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hyper-reactivity to sensory input' refer to in individuals with autism?

    <p>Excessive distress in response to certain sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of 'exclusion of other conditions' in diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorders?

    <p>Symptoms must not be explained by another developmental delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Definitions

    • ASD is a developmental disability impacting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction
    • Often evident before age 3, it negatively affects educational performance
    • Characteristics include repetitive activities, stereotyped movements, and resistance to change
    • Unusual responses to sensory experiences are also common characteristics

    Persistent Deficits in Social Communication and Interaction

    • Social-emotional reciprocity: Difficulty with back-and-forth conversations and sharing of interests/emotions
    • Nonverbal communicative behaviors: Issues with eye contact, body language, and facial expressions
    • Developing/Maintaining Relationships: Challenges in understanding social contexts, imaginative play, and making friends

    Restricted, Repetitive Patterns of Behavior, Interests, or Activities

    • Stereotyped movements, speech, or use of objects
    • Insistence on sameness/inflexible routines
    • Highly focused, restricted interests with abnormal intensity
    • Hyper/hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual sensory interests

    Early Developmental Period

    • Symptoms present in early childhood, becoming more noticeable as social demands increase
    • Symptoms significantly impair daily functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas

    Exclusion of Other Conditions

    • Symptoms not explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay
    • Social communication evaluated relative to developmental level

    Additional Specifiers

    • Language impairment
    • Intellectual impairment
    • Associated medical, genetic, or environmental factors
    • Neurodevelopmental, mental, or behavioral disorders
    • Difficulty in awareness of surroundings (catatonia)

    Identification of ASD (Methods)

    • ADI-R: Structured caregiver interview assessing communication, social interaction, and restricted/repetitive behaviors
    • ADOS: Observational assessment of communication, social interaction, play, and restricted behaviors

    DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria Changes

    • Combining diagnoses (e.g., Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Syndrome) into one spectrum disorder
    • Severity levels (1, 2, 3) indicate support needs

    Incidence/Prevalence

    • 1 in 36 children diagnosed with autism
    • Boys are more likely to be diagnosed (nearly 4 times more likely than girls)

    Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)

    • Understanding the function of behavior, not just the behavior itself
    • Defining behaviors precisely for accurate understanding by others
    • Used to develop effective interventions

    Adaptive Behavior (Vineland Scale)

    • Measures communication, daily living skills, and socialization abilities

    Vocational Assessment

    • Identifies strengths, interests, and support for career development

    Speech and Language, Social Assessments

    • Evaluating communication challenges (expressive/receptive language, pragmatics, social interaction)

    Evidence-Based Interventions/Methods

    • Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA): Reinforces desired behaviors, reducing problematic ones
    • Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) for young children
    • TEACCH (Structured Teaching): Utilizing visual supports for learning
    • Social Stories: Narratives for teaching social skills
    • Peer-mediated interventions, video modeling, role-playing

    Importance of Early Intervention (EIBI)

    • Significantly improves developmental outcomes for children with ASD

    Functional Curriculum

    • Tailored life skills, independence, and practical learning for students with ASD

    Behavioral Supports

    • Functional Behavioral Assessment/Analysis: Identifying problem behavior function to create effective interventions
    • Behavior Intervention Plans (BIP): Formal plans to teach and reinforce positive behaviors
    • Least Restrictive Environment (LRE): Inclusive education in a setting most appropriate to student needs

    Inclusive Education and Employment

    • Supported inclusion integrates students with ASD into general education with accommodations
    • Supported employment provides job coaching and workplace resources for success

    Current Issues: Autism and Vaccines

    • No link between vaccines and autism established by large-scale studies

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    Related Documents

    Autism Spectrum Disorders PDF

    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), focusing on its definitions, communication deficits, and behavioral patterns. Participants will learn about the characteristics and challenges associated with ASD, particularly in social interactions and repetitive behaviors. Test your knowledge on this important topic in developmental disabilities.

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