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Questions and Answers
What are the three main parts that make up an atom?
What are the three main parts that make up an atom?
According to Bohr's model, where do electrons move around?
According to Bohr's model, where do electrons move around?
What happens when electrons jump from one layer to another in an atom?
What happens when electrons jump from one layer to another in an atom?
How many electrons can each orbital path in an atom hold?
How many electrons can each orbital path in an atom hold?
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What determines the width of each electron shell in an atom according to Bohr's model?
What determines the width of each electron shell in an atom according to Bohr's model?
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How do spectral lines help scientists figure out what elements things are made of?
How do spectral lines help scientists figure out what elements things are made of?
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Study Notes
Atoms are extremely small objects that make up everything around us. They are so small you need a microscope to see them! An atom is made of three main parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons do not have any charge, and electrons have a negative charge. Electrons move very fast around the nucleus which has protons and neutrons inside it.
In 1913, Danish physicist Niels Bohr came up with his famous 'Bohr Model'. It explained how atoms work by connecting their size, shape, and behavior. In this model, electrons orbit the atomic nucleus in specific paths called electron shells. Each orbital path holds only two electrons. The number of electron shells increases when an element gains more electrons. This creates different layers surrounding the nucleus. For example, hydrogen gas contains one layer while gold has seven layers.
The energy level of each shell determines its width. If there is enough space between the outermost shell and the next inner shell, electrons will stay outside because they don't want to lose energy. But if those two layers get closer together, electrons can jump from one layer to another, releasing light energy as they fall back down into the lower shells. When this happens, we say we are seeing 'spectral lines'. These spectral lines help us figure out what elements things are made of. Different energies produce different colors of light, like red or yellow. So by looking at these colors, scientists know what kind of matter something is composed of.
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Description
Learn about the structure of atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Explore Niels Bohr's Bohr Model, which describes how electrons orbit atomic nuclei in specific paths called electron shells. Discover how electrons moving between energy shells create spectral lines and help scientists identify different elements.