Podcast
Questions and Answers
In the context of asthma, which pathophysiological mechanism primarily contributes to the recurrent, reversible obstruction of airflow in the bronchioles?
In the context of asthma, which pathophysiological mechanism primarily contributes to the recurrent, reversible obstruction of airflow in the bronchioles?
- Bronchospasm causing the muscles around the bronchioles to tighten and narrow. (correct)
- Acute inflammatory response by mast cells releasing histamine.
- Systemic immune system cell migration leading to inflammation.
- Increased capillary permeability leading to edema of mucous membranes.
Considering the interplay between GERD and asthma, which of the following mechanisms is hypothesized to initiate an asthma attack in individuals with GERD?
Considering the interplay between GERD and asthma, which of the following mechanisms is hypothesized to initiate an asthma attack in individuals with GERD?
- Direct erosion of the bronchial lining by gastric acid.
- Aspiration of gastric acid into the lungs, leading to vagal stimulation and bronchoconstriction. (correct)
- Increased mucus secretion triggered by esophageal inflammation.
- Systemic release of histamine due to acid exposure.
Which of the following factors can MOST directly influence the recurrence of asthma attacks, highlighting the complex interplay of triggers?
Which of the following factors can MOST directly influence the recurrence of asthma attacks, highlighting the complex interplay of triggers?
- The degree of bronchodilation achieved during previous treatments.
- Exposure to consistently high levels of environmental allergens.
- Mental or physical fatigue and emotional factors. (correct)
- The patient's adherence to a strict dietary regimen.
Which immunological event is most closely associated with the acute phase of an asthma attack, leading to the rapid onset of symptoms?
Which immunological event is most closely associated with the acute phase of an asthma attack, leading to the rapid onset of symptoms?
Considering the inflammatory processes in asthma, which of the following cellular events contributes most directly to increased capillary permeability and edema in the airways?
Considering the inflammatory processes in asthma, which of the following cellular events contributes most directly to increased capillary permeability and edema in the airways?
Which of the following is a common characteristic of asthma?
Which of the following is a common characteristic of asthma?
What is a typical trigger for extrinsic asthma?
What is a typical trigger for extrinsic asthma?
Which of the following bodily responses contributes to airway narrowing in asthma?
Which of the following bodily responses contributes to airway narrowing in asthma?
Which of the following is a potential trigger for intrinsic asthma?
Which of the following is a potential trigger for intrinsic asthma?
What role do mast cells play during an acute asthma attack?
What role do mast cells play during an acute asthma attack?
Flashcards
Asthma
Asthma
Episodic airway narrowing due to increased responsiveness to stimuli, improving spontaneously or with treatment.
Extrinsic Asthma
Extrinsic Asthma
Caused by external allergens like pollen, dust, or animal dander.
Intrinsic Asthma
Intrinsic Asthma
Triggered by internal causes, often respiratory tract infections; causes not fully understood.
GERD and Asthma
GERD and Asthma
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Asthma Inflammatory Response
Asthma Inflammatory Response
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Bronchospasm in Asthma
Bronchospasm in Asthma
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Capillary Permeability in Asthma
Capillary Permeability in Asthma
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Airflow Obstruction in Asthma
Airflow Obstruction in Asthma
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Study Notes
- Asthma is a clinical syndrome and airway condition.
- It involves increased responsiveness to stimuli, leading to airway narrowing.
- Asthma typically improves spontaneously or with treatment.
- Asthma is classified as extrinsic or intrinsic.
- Extrinsic asthma is caused by external allergens like pollen and dust.
- Intrinsic asthma is from internal causes, often triggered by respiratory infection.
- Recurrence of attacks is influenced by fatigue and emotional factors.
- Asthma can result from altered immune response or increased airway resistance.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can trigger asthma attacks.
- Gastric acid reflux in the esophagus is aspirated into the lungs, resulting in vagal stimulation and bronchoconstriction.
- An acute asthma attack may be caused by an antigen-antibody reaction, releasing histamine.
Mechanisms Involved
- Recurrent, reversible obstruction of airflow in the bronchioles caused by bronchospasm.
- Increased capillary permeability causes edema and increased mucus secretion.
- An acute inflammatory response by mast cells in the lungs releases histamine and inflammatory agents.
- Systemic immune system cells release substances that cause circulating inflammatory cells to migrate to the lungs
- Asthma involves episodic increased tracheal and bronchial responsiveness to stimuli, resulting in widespread narrowing of the airways.
- Extrinsic asthma is caused by external factors, such as environmental allergens like pollen, dust, feathers, animal dander, and foods.
- Intrinsic asthma is from internal causes, not fully understood but often triggered by respiratory tract infection.
- Recurrence of attacks is strongly influenced by secondary factors like mental or physical fatigue, and emotional factors.
- Asthma can result from an altered immune response or increased airway resistance and altered air exchange.
- The actual course of GERD resulting in an asthma attack is unknown, but gastric acid reflux in the esophagus is aspirated into the lungs, resulting in vagal stimulation and bronchoconstriction.
- Muscles around the bronchioles tighten and narrow the air passages during bronchospasm.
- Increased capillary permeability results in edema of mucous membranes with increased narrowing of airways.
- The acute inflammatory response by mast cells in the lungs is caused by exposure to an asthma trigger.
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