Podcast
Questions and Answers
An appropriation differs from an entitlement because appropriations are automatically approved.
An appropriation differs from an entitlement because appropriations are automatically approved.
False
A bank of issue can only make loans secured by productive assets.
A bank of issue can only make loans secured by productive assets.
False
Central banks are permitted to 'monetize' assets for circulation as currency.
Central banks are permitted to 'monetize' assets for circulation as currency.
True
Legislators can increase government accountability by using tax credits and subsidies.
Legislators can increase government accountability by using tax credits and subsidies.
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A central bank differs from a commercial bank in that it primarily makes new loans.
A central bank differs from a commercial bank in that it primarily makes new loans.
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Banks of issue only print currency for commercial banks and do not interact with consumers.
Banks of issue only print currency for commercial banks and do not interact with consumers.
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Tax expenditures can conceal government spending from the appropriations process.
Tax expenditures can conceal government spending from the appropriations process.
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All bank loans must be backed by immediate deposits.
All bank loans must be backed by immediate deposits.
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The practice of purchasing assets by a central bank at face value is known as ‘discounting’.
The practice of purchasing assets by a central bank at face value is known as ‘discounting’.
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All individuals are allowed to discount their personal loans at a central bank.
All individuals are allowed to discount their personal loans at a central bank.
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A commercial bank can function as a bank of issue if permitted by law.
A commercial bank can function as a bank of issue if permitted by law.
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In binary economics, barriers refer to factors that promote full participation in the economic process.
In binary economics, barriers refer to factors that promote full participation in the economic process.
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The central tenet of binary economics includes the division of production factors into human labor and capital.
The central tenet of binary economics includes the division of production factors into human labor and capital.
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Binary economics suggests that scarcity is inevitable in economic systems.
Binary economics suggests that scarcity is inevitable in economic systems.
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Robert Ashford identified four main concepts within binary theory.
Robert Ashford identified four main concepts within binary theory.
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Binary economics promotes the idea of a truly just market that requires unlimited economic power of the state.
Binary economics promotes the idea of a truly just market that requires unlimited economic power of the state.
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The Capital Credit Corporation (CCC) aims to promote capital ownership by aggregating loans for discounting by the Federal Reserve.
The Capital Credit Corporation (CCC) aims to promote capital ownership by aggregating loans for discounting by the Federal Reserve.
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All factors of production in binary economics are classified as human factors.
All factors of production in binary economics are classified as human factors.
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Binary Growth emphasizes increased economic output through privatized capital acquisition.
Binary Growth emphasizes increased economic output through privatized capital acquisition.
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Capital Credit Insurance Corporation (CCIC) is designed to eliminate risks associated with Capital Homestead credit.
Capital Credit Insurance Corporation (CCIC) is designed to eliminate risks associated with Capital Homestead credit.
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The term ‘binary’ in binary economics refers strictly to human labor.
The term ‘binary’ in binary economics refers strictly to human labor.
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Binary Productiveness asserts that human labor is the sole contributor to economic growth.
Binary Productiveness asserts that human labor is the sole contributor to economic growth.
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The Capital Credit Reinsurance Corporation (CCRC) functions as an 'insurer of last resort' for loans made under Capital Credit Funding.
The Capital Credit Reinsurance Corporation (CCRC) functions as an 'insurer of last resort' for loans made under Capital Credit Funding.
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Capital Homestead Accounts (CHA) allow citizens to accumulate assets in a tax-sheltered manner similar to Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs).
Capital Homestead Accounts (CHA) allow citizens to accumulate assets in a tax-sheltered manner similar to Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs).
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The Capital Homestead Act is designed to limit access to capital assets for the majority of the population.
The Capital Homestead Act is designed to limit access to capital assets for the majority of the population.
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The term 'capitalism' was initially coined by Adam Smith to describe the economy of the time.
The term 'capitalism' was initially coined by Adam Smith to describe the economy of the time.
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Binary economists reject the description of capitalism as a system that promotes equal distribution of capital ownership.
Binary economists reject the description of capitalism as a system that promotes equal distribution of capital ownership.
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Charity is viewed by moral philosophers as a substitute for justice in socio-economic distribution.
Charity is viewed by moral philosophers as a substitute for justice in socio-economic distribution.
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The principle of distribution for justice states, 'to each according to his contribution.'
The principle of distribution for justice states, 'to each according to his contribution.'
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Capital Homesteading is an updated concept that only refers to land ownership.
Capital Homesteading is an updated concept that only refers to land ownership.
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The CCRC helps spread risk of loan defaults through its unique reinsurance structure.
The CCRC helps spread risk of loan defaults through its unique reinsurance structure.
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Louis Kelso associated 'capitalism' with the idea of 'institutionalization of compassion.'
Louis Kelso associated 'capitalism' with the idea of 'institutionalization of compassion.'
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Under 'Just Third Way,' capitalism is considered synonymous with democracy.
Under 'Just Third Way,' capitalism is considered synonymous with democracy.
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The Capital Homestead Exemption allows participants to accumulate an unlimited amount of capital without tax implications.
The Capital Homestead Exemption allows participants to accumulate an unlimited amount of capital without tax implications.
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The binary growth model aims to enforce barriers within the current financial and economic system.
The binary growth model aims to enforce barriers within the current financial and economic system.
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Both charity and justice are seen as valid and complementary principles by moral philosophers.
Both charity and justice are seen as valid and complementary principles by moral philosophers.
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Shareholders may make a personal claim on particular capital assets owned by the corporation at any time.
Shareholders may make a personal claim on particular capital assets owned by the corporation at any time.
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Capital credit is designed to help individuals without sufficient past savings to become capital owners.
Capital credit is designed to help individuals without sufficient past savings to become capital owners.
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Credit, Non-Recourse allows borrowers to use their personal assets as collateral.
Credit, Non-Recourse allows borrowers to use their personal assets as collateral.
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Interest-free loans are considered usurious under certain religious traditions when used for non-productive purposes.
Interest-free loans are considered usurious under certain religious traditions when used for non-productive purposes.
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The Chicago Plan proposed a 100% reserve requirement as a response to the financial chaos of the stock market crash of 1929.
The Chicago Plan proposed a 100% reserve requirement as a response to the financial chaos of the stock market crash of 1929.
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Pure credit is based on the use of already accumulated savings to provide loans.
Pure credit is based on the use of already accumulated savings to provide loans.
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Social charity is exclusively aimed at individual charitable acts and does not involve social justice.
Social charity is exclusively aimed at individual charitable acts and does not involve social justice.
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Self-liquidating credit anticipates that future profits will be used to pay off the costs of capital assets.
Self-liquidating credit anticipates that future profits will be used to pay off the costs of capital assets.
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Moses Maimonides believed that the highest form of charity is to ensure that poor individuals remain dependent on charitable donations.
Moses Maimonides believed that the highest form of charity is to ensure that poor individuals remain dependent on charitable donations.
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Corporate dividend distributions should only be increased to external shareholders and not to workers.
Corporate dividend distributions should only be increased to external shareholders and not to workers.
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Citizens Land Banks and Citizens Land Cooperatives are for-profit entities that allow shareholders to have direct ownership in local real estate.
Citizens Land Banks and Citizens Land Cooperatives are for-profit entities that allow shareholders to have direct ownership in local real estate.
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Credit, Pure involves charging interest on existing savings.
Credit, Pure involves charging interest on existing savings.
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Collectivism, as described in socialist theory, allows individuals to have personal ownership of land and resources.
Collectivism, as described in socialist theory, allows individuals to have personal ownership of land and resources.
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Under Capital Homesteading, pure credit requires traditional collateral to cover loan defaults.
Under Capital Homesteading, pure credit requires traditional collateral to cover loan defaults.
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The common good refers only to the social welfare of those in power, disregarding the needs of ordinary individuals.
The common good refers only to the social welfare of those in power, disregarding the needs of ordinary individuals.
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Credit, Consumer refers to funds borrowed for the purchase of income-generating assets.
Credit, Consumer refers to funds borrowed for the purchase of income-generating assets.
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From the industrial revolution onward, the corporation has maximized its potential to balance productive growth and purchasing power.
From the industrial revolution onward, the corporation has maximized its potential to balance productive growth and purchasing power.
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Consumption income is income saved and invested rather than spent on consumer goods.
Consumption income is income saved and invested rather than spent on consumer goods.
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The role of a modern corporation is to limit liability for its owners while facilitating access to financial markets.
The role of a modern corporation is to limit liability for its owners while facilitating access to financial markets.
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Transaction fees are the only costs associated with the use of pure credit.
Transaction fees are the only costs associated with the use of pure credit.
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William Ferree claimed that the Common Good is composed solely of government institutions.
William Ferree claimed that the Common Good is composed solely of government institutions.
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A leveraged Employee Stock Ownership Plan requires workers to be personally liable for loan defaults.
A leveraged Employee Stock Ownership Plan requires workers to be personally liable for loan defaults.
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A Community Investment Corporation operates on a nonprofit basis and does not provide citizen shareholders with direct control.
A Community Investment Corporation operates on a nonprofit basis and does not provide citizen shareholders with direct control.
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Collateral is wealth that can be seized if a loan is defaulted upon.
Collateral is wealth that can be seized if a loan is defaulted upon.
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Social charity promotes the dismantling of social institutions in order to achieve justice.
Social charity promotes the dismantling of social institutions in order to achieve justice.
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The term 'collective' refers to an acknowledgment of individual contributions within a group.
The term 'collective' refers to an acknowledgment of individual contributions within a group.
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Organized charity primarily focuses on addressing the needs of social institutions rather than individuals.
Organized charity primarily focuses on addressing the needs of social institutions rather than individuals.
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Loans are typically paid at face value rather than at a discount.
Loans are typically paid at face value rather than at a discount.
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Distributism aims to create concentrated wealth by enabling ordinary citizens to acquire large ownership stakes of property.
Distributism aims to create concentrated wealth by enabling ordinary citizens to acquire large ownership stakes of property.
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Dividends do not require approval from the Board of Directors under U.S. law.
Dividends do not require approval from the Board of Directors under U.S. law.
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Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) allow workers to vote their shares on all corporate issues.
Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) allow workers to vote their shares on all corporate issues.
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Ephemeralization refers to the process of decreasing the productivity of capital relative to labor.
Ephemeralization refers to the process of decreasing the productivity of capital relative to labor.
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The Federal Funds Rate is the rate that banks charge each other for long-term loans.
The Federal Funds Rate is the rate that banks charge each other for long-term loans.
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Capital Homesteading policies would limit shareholders' rights to dividends.
Capital Homesteading policies would limit shareholders' rights to dividends.
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Economic Personalism focuses on individual ownership of businesses and productive assets.
Economic Personalism focuses on individual ownership of businesses and productive assets.
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A duty implies that there is a corresponding right held by another party.
A duty implies that there is a corresponding right held by another party.
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The Federal Reserve System was established by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913.
The Federal Reserve System was established by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913.
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Leveraged ESOPs require employees to use their savings to acquire shares.
Leveraged ESOPs require employees to use their savings to acquire shares.
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The Federal Reserve's main objective today is to promote rapid economic growth.
The Federal Reserve's main objective today is to promote rapid economic growth.
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Distributive Justice addresses issues of economic justice.
Distributive Justice addresses issues of economic justice.
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Under Capital Homesteading, credit for nonproductive uses is generated interest-free.
Under Capital Homesteading, credit for nonproductive uses is generated interest-free.
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Aggregate demand can be computed by subtracting total imports from total exports.
Aggregate demand can be computed by subtracting total imports from total exports.
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The Discount Window is an actual physical window at a central bank where loans are processed.
The Discount Window is an actual physical window at a central bank where loans are processed.
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Economic dilution occurs when new shares are issued without an increase in the productivity of existing capital assets.
Economic dilution occurs when new shares are issued without an increase in the productivity of existing capital assets.
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A Customer Stock Ownership Plan allows customers to gain ownership rights based on their patronage.
A Customer Stock Ownership Plan allows customers to gain ownership rights based on their patronage.
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Deflation is characterized by an increase in the volume of available money or credit.
Deflation is characterized by an increase in the volume of available money or credit.
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Demand deposits refer to bank accounts that are not accessible via checks.
Demand deposits refer to bank accounts that are not accessible via checks.
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The Federal Reserve's discount window is exclusively available to member banks and members of the Farm Credit system.
The Federal Reserve's discount window is exclusively available to member banks and members of the Farm Credit system.
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Under Capital Homesteading, new money is created by charging 1% or more as a service fee.
Under Capital Homesteading, new money is created by charging 1% or more as a service fee.
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Political dilution occurs when new shareholders are added, impacting existing shareholders' economic values.
Political dilution occurs when new shareholders are added, impacting existing shareholders' economic values.
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Dilution, economic, can occur even if new shares are issued without diminishing existing shares' economic values.
Dilution, economic, can occur even if new shares are issued without diminishing existing shares' economic values.
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Newly created money can be used to fund corporate growth through demand deposits.
Newly created money can be used to fund corporate growth through demand deposits.
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The discount rate is a fixed percentage that does not vary according to banking regulations.
The discount rate is a fixed percentage that does not vary according to banking regulations.
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Deflation typically results from an expanded money supply keeping pace with capital investments.
Deflation typically results from an expanded money supply keeping pace with capital investments.
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The Federal Reserve System's discount operation exclusively supports foreign economies that can service their debts.
The Federal Reserve System's discount operation exclusively supports foreign economies that can service their debts.
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Imputed rent is considered by some economists as the income one could potentially earn by renting their personal residence.
Imputed rent is considered by some economists as the income one could potentially earn by renting their personal residence.
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Cost/Push inflation occurs when there is an increase in aggregate demand in the economy.
Cost/Push inflation occurs when there is an increase in aggregate demand in the economy.
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The Industrial Homestead Act was developed in 1964 and later renamed the 'Capital Homestead Act' in 1995.
The Industrial Homestead Act was developed in 1964 and later renamed the 'Capital Homestead Act' in 1995.
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Secondary securities involve newly issued equity or bonds directly from the issuer.
Secondary securities involve newly issued equity or bonds directly from the issuer.
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Interest charged on loans without existing pools of savings is classified as a 'service charge' in binary economics.
Interest charged on loans without existing pools of savings is classified as a 'service charge' in binary economics.
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Demand/Pull inflation can be effectively managed through fiscal and monetary policy.
Demand/Pull inflation can be effectively managed through fiscal and monetary policy.
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The Global Justice Movement aims to promote binary economics and social injustice.
The Global Justice Movement aims to promote binary economics and social injustice.
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Insurance to safeguard commercial lenders from borrower default is known as commercial capital debt insurance.
Insurance to safeguard commercial lenders from borrower default is known as commercial capital debt insurance.
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The Just Third Way promotes economic empowerment through the privatization of capital.
The Just Third Way promotes economic empowerment through the privatization of capital.
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Forced savings are economic policies that can be applied to all enterprises equally, irrespective of their size.
Forced savings are economic policies that can be applied to all enterprises equally, irrespective of their size.
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Inflation is defined solely as a decrease in the price level of goods and services.
Inflation is defined solely as a decrease in the price level of goods and services.
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Primary securities refer to completely new equity shares or bonds bought directly from their issuer.
Primary securities refer to completely new equity shares or bonds bought directly from their issuer.
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Ephemeralization is a term that denotes the artificial increase in market-driven production costs.
Ephemeralization is a term that denotes the artificial increase in market-driven production costs.
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The Capital Homesteading proposal allows for speculative purchases of secondary issuances using newly created money.
The Capital Homesteading proposal allows for speculative purchases of secondary issuances using newly created money.
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The 'Just Third Way' supports the concept of economic plutocracy.
The 'Just Third Way' supports the concept of economic plutocracy.
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Commutative justice deals with exchanges of unequal value between individuals.
Commutative justice deals with exchanges of unequal value between individuals.
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Distributive justice is based on the principle of equal outcomes for all contributors.
Distributive justice is based on the principle of equal outcomes for all contributors.
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The principle of justice includes a duty to establish harmony that promotes fairness within society.
The principle of justice includes a duty to establish harmony that promotes fairness within society.
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Economic justice solely focuses on the redistribution of wealth.
Economic justice solely focuses on the redistribution of wealth.
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Participative justice allows individuals only limited participation in economic decisions.
Participative justice allows individuals only limited participation in economic decisions.
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Social justice encompasses personal responsibilities to organize against injustices in economic institutions.
Social justice encompasses personal responsibilities to organize against injustices in economic institutions.
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The Just Third Way proposes that property can be used to harm others if it benefits the owner economically.
The Just Third Way proposes that property can be used to harm others if it benefits the owner economically.
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Justice, as described in classical philosophy, includes fortitude, temperance, and prudence.
Justice, as described in classical philosophy, includes fortitude, temperance, and prudence.
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Economic harmony is achieved solely through government intervention in the marketplace.
Economic harmony is achieved solely through government intervention in the marketplace.
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Greed is considered a virtue in the 'Just Third Way' ideological framework.
Greed is considered a virtue in the 'Just Third Way' ideological framework.
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The triad of principles in economic justice includes Participative, Distributive, and Regulatory Justice.
The triad of principles in economic justice includes Participative, Distributive, and Regulatory Justice.
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Justice as a moral virtue promotes equity and fairness in human interactions.
Justice as a moral virtue promotes equity and fairness in human interactions.
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The economic justice framework aims to limit each person's potential for individual development.
The economic justice framework aims to limit each person's potential for individual development.
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Participative justice requires every person to have access to the means of acquiring and possessing equity.
Participative justice requires every person to have access to the means of acquiring and possessing equity.
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Social justice seeks to promote the individual good of specific groups rather than the common good of society.
Social justice seeks to promote the individual good of specific groups rather than the common good of society.
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Justice-Based Leadership integrates principles of economic and social justice into all aspects of personal and organizational life.
Justice-Based Leadership integrates principles of economic and social justice into all aspects of personal and organizational life.
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JBM primarily evaluates success based on employee satisfaction rather than customer value delivery.
JBM primarily evaluates success based on employee satisfaction rather than customer value delivery.
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According to binary theory, labor is solely related to physical work and excludes mental or entrepreneurial contributions.
According to binary theory, labor is solely related to physical work and excludes mental or entrepreneurial contributions.
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Social goods such as money, credit, and the ballot are critical tools for participation according to the principles of social justice.
Social goods such as money, credit, and the ballot are critical tools for participation according to the principles of social justice.
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The 'input principle' in economic justice is primarily focused on individual rights rather than communal responsibilities.
The 'input principle' in economic justice is primarily focused on individual rights rather than communal responsibilities.
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Transformational leadership includes components such as charisma and inspirational motivation.
Transformational leadership includes components such as charisma and inspirational motivation.
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Participative justice supports the universalization of capital ownership barriers.
Participative justice supports the universalization of capital ownership barriers.
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Justice-Based Management was initially referred to as 'Value-Based Management' or 'VBM'.
Justice-Based Management was initially referred to as 'Value-Based Management' or 'VBM'.
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In binary economics, human capital is recognized as a crucial factor of production.
In binary economics, human capital is recognized as a crucial factor of production.
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The moral balance and harmony in social order are restored through acts of social justice.
The moral balance and harmony in social order are restored through acts of social justice.
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Justice-Based Leadership emphasizes individual leadership over the collective principles of justice.
Justice-Based Leadership emphasizes individual leadership over the collective principles of justice.
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Economic justice relies solely on capital distribution without regard for economic contributions.
Economic justice relies solely on capital distribution without regard for economic contributions.
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Louis Kelso is known as a 'post scarcity' economist for creating a framework to counter artificial constraints to shared abundance.
Louis Kelso is known as a 'post scarcity' economist for creating a framework to counter artificial constraints to shared abundance.
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Economic sovereignty is properly defined as the right to a living wage and does not include ownership of one’s labor.
Economic sovereignty is properly defined as the right to a living wage and does not include ownership of one’s labor.
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Subsidiarity is defined as higher organizations usurping the functions of lower organizations for their own purposes.
Subsidiarity is defined as higher organizations usurping the functions of lower organizations for their own purposes.
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Under binary economics, abundant resources can lead to increased rates of economic growth compared to more traditional systems.
Under binary economics, abundant resources can lead to increased rates of economic growth compared to more traditional systems.
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The principle of social justice suggests that the state should assume ownership of all means of production.
The principle of social justice suggests that the state should assume ownership of all means of production.
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A tax credit functions similarly to an entitlement by allowing taxpayers to retain funds otherwise payable in taxes for approved activities.
A tax credit functions similarly to an entitlement by allowing taxpayers to retain funds otherwise payable in taxes for approved activities.
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Individuals with economic sovereignty have full access to the political ballot to safeguard their rights against government abuses.
Individuals with economic sovereignty have full access to the political ballot to safeguard their rights against government abuses.
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Shareholders are typically considered to have the first claim on corporate assets in the event of liquidation.
Shareholders are typically considered to have the first claim on corporate assets in the event of liquidation.
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Under 100% reserves, every dollar of new money would be backed by productive assets.
Under 100% reserves, every dollar of new money would be backed by productive assets.
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In binary economics, the concept of synergy refers to a situation where separate units together produce a lesser effect than if they acted individually.
In binary economics, the concept of synergy refers to a situation where separate units together produce a lesser effect than if they acted individually.
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A bank is required to hold all of its financial assets in cash at the bank.
A bank is required to hold all of its financial assets in cash at the bank.
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The Capital Credit Insurance Corporation is designed to provide guarantees for the loans made under Capital Credit Funding.
The Capital Credit Insurance Corporation is designed to provide guarantees for the loans made under Capital Credit Funding.
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Savings, past refers to existing pools of savings generated by reductions in consumption in the future.
Savings, past refers to existing pools of savings generated by reductions in consumption in the future.
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Say’s Law of Markets emphasizes that production and consumption should be imbalanced to spur economic growth.
Say’s Law of Markets emphasizes that production and consumption should be imbalanced to spur economic growth.
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A binary economy is characterized by low levels of affluence due to concentrated capital ownership.
A binary economy is characterized by low levels of affluence due to concentrated capital ownership.
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Binary economics seeks to restore equilibrium by ensuring all consumers share profits from their ownership stakes in enterprises.
Binary economics seeks to restore equilibrium by ensuring all consumers share profits from their ownership stakes in enterprises.
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The tax system typically treats payroll taxes as a straightforward payment of one's income tax obligation.
The tax system typically treats payroll taxes as a straightforward payment of one's income tax obligation.
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According to binary economic principles, inclusive access to economic processes is viewed as a fundamental human right.
According to binary economic principles, inclusive access to economic processes is viewed as a fundamental human right.
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The principle of limitation in binary economics aims to reduce harmful concentrations of capital ownership.
The principle of limitation in binary economics aims to reduce harmful concentrations of capital ownership.
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Technological advancements are seen as a barrier to economic growth in non-binary economics.
Technological advancements are seen as a barrier to economic growth in non-binary economics.
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M1 includes savings deposits as part of its components.
M1 includes savings deposits as part of its components.
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Tax credits are usually subject to extensive public scrutiny, similar to traditional government appropriations.
Tax credits are usually subject to extensive public scrutiny, similar to traditional government appropriations.
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Effective scarcity is defined as the quality or condition of having sufficient resources available.
Effective scarcity is defined as the quality or condition of having sufficient resources available.
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The principle of distribution for justice is summarized by the phrase, 'to each according to his contribution.'
The principle of distribution for justice is summarized by the phrase, 'to each according to his contribution.'
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Mercantilism historically emphasized the accumulation of raw materials over manufactured goods.
Mercantilism historically emphasized the accumulation of raw materials over manufactured goods.
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Capital Homesteading solely refers to the ownership of technology.
Capital Homesteading solely refers to the ownership of technology.
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The M3 monetary aggregate included large-denomination time deposits before it was discontinued by the Federal Reserve.
The M3 monetary aggregate included large-denomination time deposits before it was discontinued by the Federal Reserve.
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs prioritizes self-actualization above social needs.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs prioritizes self-actualization above social needs.
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Under Capital Homesteading, risk premiums are pooled by capital credit insurers to substitute for collateral.
Under Capital Homesteading, risk premiums are pooled by capital credit insurers to substitute for collateral.
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Seasonally adjusted M2 is derived by adding seasonally adjusted savings deposits to M1.
Seasonally adjusted M2 is derived by adding seasonally adjusted savings deposits to M1.
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According to binary economics, effective scarcity is an inevitable constraint on growth and development.
According to binary economics, effective scarcity is an inevitable constraint on growth and development.
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Economic personalism rejects private property rights and promotes collective ownership.
Economic personalism rejects private property rights and promotes collective ownership.
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The principle of harmony is another name for the principle of limitation in binary economics.
The principle of harmony is another name for the principle of limitation in binary economics.
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Self-liquidating credit expects that future profits will not be used to repay the costs of capital assets.
Self-liquidating credit expects that future profits will not be used to repay the costs of capital assets.
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Just Third Way economic principles emphasize the concentration of economic power to prevent corruption.
Just Third Way economic principles emphasize the concentration of economic power to prevent corruption.
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Savings, forced involves purchasing productive assets with cash accumulated by increasing consumer goods purchases.
Savings, forced involves purchasing productive assets with cash accumulated by increasing consumer goods purchases.
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The Federal Reserve continues to measure the M3 monetary aggregate as of 2023.
The Federal Reserve continues to measure the M3 monetary aggregate as of 2023.
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Power in an economic sense entails the ability to control resources and influence production.
Power in an economic sense entails the ability to control resources and influence production.
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A secondary market is specifically for purchasing financial instruments directly from original issuers.
A secondary market is specifically for purchasing financial instruments directly from original issuers.
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The Chicago Plan proposed a response of a 50% reserve requirement to the financial crisis of 1929.
The Chicago Plan proposed a response of a 50% reserve requirement to the financial crisis of 1929.
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The principle of distributive justice is solely focused on equitable wage distribution.
The principle of distributive justice is solely focused on equitable wage distribution.
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Personalism promotes the idea that human rights are bestowed by the state.
Personalism promotes the idea that human rights are bestowed by the state.
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Market glut occurs when there is production that cannot be cleared at market prices.
Market glut occurs when there is production that cannot be cleared at market prices.
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Pragmatic approaches to economic personalism seek to unify all forms of capital ownership.
Pragmatic approaches to economic personalism seek to unify all forms of capital ownership.
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The principle of distributive justice emphasizes that individuals should receive wealth based solely on need.
The principle of distributive justice emphasizes that individuals should receive wealth based solely on need.
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Price in a centrally planned economy is established based on market dynamics and buyer preferences.
Price in a centrally planned economy is established based on market dynamics and buyer preferences.
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Mercantilist policies are often associated with a just and free global market.
Mercantilist policies are often associated with a just and free global market.
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M3 encompasses all individual retirement account (IRA) balances within its aggregate calculation.
M3 encompasses all individual retirement account (IRA) balances within its aggregate calculation.
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The Just Third Way seeks to normalize unequal access to productive capital as a human right.
The Just Third Way seeks to normalize unequal access to productive capital as a human right.
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The practice of organizing to ensure participation in economic justice was recognized by Kelso and Adler.
The practice of organizing to ensure participation in economic justice was recognized by Kelso and Adler.
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Economic personalism recognizes labor and capital as primary inputs for market production.
Economic personalism recognizes labor and capital as primary inputs for market production.
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Power can be exercised solely over economic resources, disregarding its connections to political authority.
Power can be exercised solely over economic resources, disregarding its connections to political authority.
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The concept of price only applies to goods traded in free markets.
The concept of price only applies to goods traded in free markets.
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Charity and social justice are seen as mutually exclusive principles in moral philosophy.
Charity and social justice are seen as mutually exclusive principles in moral philosophy.
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An unjust society increases the tendency toward the concentration of power and abuse.
An unjust society increases the tendency toward the concentration of power and abuse.
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Procreative credit focuses on the contributions made by the state to individual capital ownership.
Procreative credit focuses on the contributions made by the state to individual capital ownership.
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Justice-Based Management (JBM) was originally termed as a philosophy for creating an expanded ownership culture in corporations.
Justice-Based Management (JBM) was originally termed as a philosophy for creating an expanded ownership culture in corporations.
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Voting passthrough allows participants in an ESOP to vote on all shareholder issues.
Voting passthrough allows participants in an ESOP to vote on all shareholder issues.
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In a wage system, the vast majority of people earn income primarily through investments and not through wages.
In a wage system, the vast majority of people earn income primarily through investments and not through wages.
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Leisure work, as defined by Aristotle, refers to unpaid work done for personal or social satisfaction.
Leisure work, as defined by Aristotle, refers to unpaid work done for personal or social satisfaction.
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The concept of zero-sum in economics means that one person's gain is accompanied by another person's loss.
The concept of zero-sum in economics means that one person's gain is accompanied by another person's loss.
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In binary economics, the concentration of ownership and control is always seen as beneficial for society.
In binary economics, the concentration of ownership and control is always seen as beneficial for society.
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Capital Credit Insurance Corporation is designed to protect loans made under Capital Credit Funding.
Capital Credit Insurance Corporation is designed to protect loans made under Capital Credit Funding.
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The 'Just Third Way' perspective equates capitalism strictly with market competition.
The 'Just Third Way' perspective equates capitalism strictly with market competition.
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Under Capital Homesteading, individuals can accumulate capital without tax implications for unlimited amounts.
Under Capital Homesteading, individuals can accumulate capital without tax implications for unlimited amounts.
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The principle of distribution for justice states 'to each according to his need.'
The principle of distribution for justice states 'to each according to his need.'
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The marginal propensity to consume of a wealthier individual is typically higher than that of a poorer individual.
The marginal propensity to consume of a wealthier individual is typically higher than that of a poorer individual.
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The Quantity Theory of Money formula shows that an increase in money supply directly leads to a proportionate change in price level.
The Quantity Theory of Money formula shows that an increase in money supply directly leads to a proportionate change in price level.
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Under the Currency Principle of economics, price level determines the money supply.
Under the Currency Principle of economics, price level determines the money supply.
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Property ownership includes the right to destroy the owned object, as long as it does not harm others.
Property ownership includes the right to destroy the owned object, as long as it does not harm others.
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Profits are calculated by adding labor costs to total revenues received from sales.
Profits are calculated by adding labor costs to total revenues received from sales.
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A rediscounting process involves central banks accepting financial documents already discounted by commercial banks.
A rediscounting process involves central banks accepting financial documents already discounted by commercial banks.
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In a 100% reserve requirement system, banks must have all deposited funds available for immediate withdrawal.
In a 100% reserve requirement system, banks must have all deposited funds available for immediate withdrawal.
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The velocity of money is determined by multiplying the Net National Product by the total stock of money in circulation.
The velocity of money is determined by multiplying the Net National Product by the total stock of money in circulation.
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Monetization is primarily performed by individual citizens rather than banks.
Monetization is primarily performed by individual citizens rather than banks.
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The financial gain from the use of capital is known as income distribution.
The financial gain from the use of capital is known as income distribution.
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Economic theories such as Keynesian and Austrian share the same foundational principle regarding the money supply.
Economic theories such as Keynesian and Austrian share the same foundational principle regarding the money supply.
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Money serves as a medium of exchange, a store of value, a standard of value, and a common measure of value.
Money serves as a medium of exchange, a store of value, a standard of value, and a common measure of value.
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The average price level in an economy is not influenced by the number of transactions.
The average price level in an economy is not influenced by the number of transactions.
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Under Capital Homesteading, new money is created only from past savings.
Under Capital Homesteading, new money is created only from past savings.
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The closed system of financing capital formation does not benefit the lower income groups.
The closed system of financing capital formation does not benefit the lower income groups.
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Negative Income Tax redistributes income from those who earn above a certain level to all persons.
Negative Income Tax redistributes income from those who earn above a certain level to all persons.
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The rights of property owners include a restriction against using their property in ways that could harm the general welfare.
The rights of property owners include a restriction against using their property in ways that could harm the general welfare.
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Money is primarily consumed by individuals in the economy.
Money is primarily consumed by individuals in the economy.
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The concept of capital credit aims to assist those with sufficient past savings to acquire more capital.
The concept of capital credit aims to assist those with sufficient past savings to acquire more capital.
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The Open Market Committee governs the U.S. money supply by managing Treasury securities.
The Open Market Committee governs the U.S. money supply by managing Treasury securities.
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Paper, Agricultural financial instruments are typically unsecured loans.
Paper, Agricultural financial instruments are typically unsecured loans.
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Artificial persons, such as corporations, are treated legally as individuals with rights and duties.
Artificial persons, such as corporations, are treated legally as individuals with rights and duties.
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Personalism promotes the idea that all human beings have equal natural rights.
Personalism promotes the idea that all human beings have equal natural rights.
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Newly created money under Capital Homesteading requires interest rates that are traditionally payable.
Newly created money under Capital Homesteading requires interest rates that are traditionally payable.
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Tax expenditures can improve government accountability by making spending more visible.
Tax expenditures can improve government accountability by making spending more visible.
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Each citizen in a Capital Homesteading system is expected to own and govern their capital assets.
Each citizen in a Capital Homesteading system is expected to own and govern their capital assets.
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Interest-free loans can be viewed as usurious based on certain religious guidelines.
Interest-free loans can be viewed as usurious based on certain religious guidelines.
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The Capital Credit Insurance Corporation is aimed at spreading the risks associated with Capital Homestead credit.
The Capital Credit Insurance Corporation is aimed at spreading the risks associated with Capital Homestead credit.
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Study Notes
Appropriation
- Legislative process allocating funds to government programs on a discretionary basis, differing from automatic entitlement funding.
- Tax breaks can obscure government spending, reducing transparency and accountability to taxpayers.
Types of Banks
- Bank: Financial institutions for deposits and loans.
- Bank of Issue: Issues loans by printing currency backed by its assets.
- Central Bank: Functions as a bank for commercial banks, involved in money creation and control of monetary policy via asset purchasing.
- Commercial Bank: Facilitates economic transactions through deposits and loans, can create money when permitted.
- Investment Bank: Acts as an intermediary in buying/selling securities.
Binary Economics
- Developed by Louis O. Kelso; divides production into human labor and capital.
- Advocates for economic growth through shared ownership of capital, rejecting scarcity as inevitable.
- Emphasizes that broad ownership of capital amongst individuals can create economic freedom and justice.
- Identifies three principles: Binary Growth, Binary Productiveness, and Binary Property Right, promoting equitable capital ownership.
Capital Instruments and Organizations
- Capital: Non-human production elements, including land, equipment, and intellectual property.
- Capital Credit Corporation (CCC): Promotes capital ownership through loan aggregation for discounts by the Federal Reserve.
- Capital Credit Insurance Corporation (CCIC): Provides credit insurance for Capital Homestead credits, safeguards lenders against defaults.
- Capital Homestead: Concept from the 19th century expanded to include ownership of advanced technologies for wealth accumulation.
- Capital Homestead Account (CHA): A tax-sheltered account for accumulating capital assets and generating income.
Economic Systems
- Capitalism: Concentrated capital ownership with a significant proportion of the population employed with little ownership.
- Advocated by Kelso as "universal capitalism," a system favoring individual ownership over labor dependence.
- Critics argue capitalism fosters class division and monopolies.
Charity and Social Responsibility
- Charity: Moral principle involving altruism without expecting returns, focused on needs.
- Social Charity: Guides individual behavior towards institutions, aimed at reforming rather than destroying.
Historical Economic Proposals
- Chicago Plan: 1930s proposal for a 100% reserve requirement in banking to prevent financial crises.
Collective Ownership and Society
- Collectivism: Denies personal ownership rights, contrasting with joint ownership models where individuals share ownership rights and profits.
- Common Good: Framework for individuals to exercise rights that promote societal justice and personal fulfillment. Advocates cooperation among institutions for social development.
Corporate Structure
- Corporation: Legal entity limiting liability for owners, facilitating financial operations while separating personal assets from corporate debts.
Consumption and Income
- Consumption Income: Expenditures on consumer goods instead of savings or investments.### Corporate Accountability and Democracy
- The industrial revolution and the Information Age have led to increased managerial abuses within corporations.
- Corporations need to enhance contributions to society by balancing market productivity with consumer purchasing power.
- Democratizing corporate accountability and improving transparency can mitigate corporate drawbacks.
- Increasing corporate dividends to a broader base, especially workers, could improve stakeholder engagement.
Economic Terms and Concepts
- Cost: Represents the total of tangible and intangible charges related to producing goods and services, typically measured in currency.
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Credit: Refers to loans that must be repaid, usually with interest or fees.
- Capital Credit: Funds for feasible projects expected to generate income and repay loans from future earnings; enables capital ownership for those lacking savings.
- Consumer Credit: Borrowed funds to purchase non-income generating consumer goods.
- Interest-Free Credit: Loans not tied to existing savings; viewed differently across religions due to concepts of usury.
- Non-Recourse Credit: Loans secured by project assets, shielding personal assets from default risks.
- Pure Credit: Interest-free loans for productive projects based on future income-generating potential.
- Self-Liquidating Credit: Loans forecasted to be repaid from the profits generated by the assets financed.
Financial Systems and Policies
- Two-Tiered Credit System: Differentiates between beneficial uses of credit (capital ownership growth) and harmful (nonproductive debts).
- Currency: Standardized tokens of value used as money within an economy.
- Customer Stock Ownership Plan (CSOP): A model enabling regular customers of utilities to gain ownership shares based on their patronage.
Economic Dynamics
-
Demand: The desire for goods/services supported by the ability to make legal transactions.
- Aggregate Demand: Total demand calculated from consumer goods, services, investments, and net exports.
- Effective Demand: Income allocated for consumption rather than reinvestment.
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Dilution: Two types exist:
- Economic Dilution: Reduction in company asset values due to new shares without profit increases.
- Political Dilution: Addition of shareholders without diminishing existing shareholders' economic value.
Monetary Concepts
- Discount Rate: The interest percentage central banks reduce for loans; essential for monetary policy.
- Discounting Process: Central banks create currency or demand deposits to purchase qualified loans at a discount.
- Dividends: Profit distributions to shareholders, traditionally approved by a corporation’s board of directors.
Ownership Structures
- Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP): A method allowing employees to acquire ownership shares in their companies without personal financial risk.
- Capital Homesteading: A policy aimed at spreading ownership and financing for new capital via interest-free credit, backed by progressive assets.
Economic Models and Movements
- Global Justice Movement: An initiative focusing on restructuring the global economic framework to align with social and economic justice principles.
- Distributism: Advocated by figures like G.K. Chesterton, promoting small ownership of productive assets to distribute wealth more equitably.
Current Economic Challenges
- Inflation: A rise in pricing levels categorized as Demand/Pull or Cost/Push inflation.
- Deflation: A fall in price levels, often a result of reduced money supply leading to fewer units of currency available for an unchanged amount of goods and services.
Legal and Regulatory Framework
- Federal Reserve System: Established by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913; responsible for controlling inflation and ensuring stability in the U.S. dollar, primarily acting as a lender of last resort.
- Entitlement: Automatic government funding allocations, such as subsidies, differing from appropriations which need approval each time.
Understanding these economic principles and corporate structures is essential for navigating the complexities of modern financial systems and advocating for more equitable practices.### Commercial Capital Credit Insurance
- Serves as a substitute for collateral, aiding borrowers with limited savings.
- Protects lenders from risks associated with loans for purchasing corporate growth shares under Capital Homesteading.
Interest
- Represents a portion of project profits due to financing provisions, commonly viewed as a "charge for money usage."
- Accurately defined as a "service charge" or "transaction fee" when money is created using "pure credit."
Security Issuances
- Primary Issuance: Newly issued equity shares or bonds from issuers, can be government or private entities.
- Secondary Issuance: Existing equity shares or bonds sold by previous holders, typically traded on exchanges; speculative values drive prices.
- Under Capital Homesteading, speculative purchases of secondary issuances are restricted to "old money."
Just Third Way
- Proposes a free market that democratizes money and credit access for all, promoting individual ownership of income-producing capital.
- Represents a third alternative to socialism and capitalism, aiming to disperse capital ownership and prevent economic corruption.
- Advocates for the restoration and extension of private property rights to key underpin economic democracy.
Justice
- Defined as universal principles guiding moral judgments, emphasizing respect for rights and equity.
- Encompasses categories: Commutative (value exchanges), Distributive (proportionality in distribution), and Economic (foundational moral principles in economic interactions).
Justice Types
- Commutative Justice: Focuses on exact exchanges in transactions; e.g., a $5 debt needs $5 repayment.
- Distributive Justice: Assesses proportionality in distributions based on contributions, defining just wages and profits through market dynamics.
- Economic Justice: Guides the establishment of fair economic institutions that enable individual potential development.
Participative and Social Justice
- Participative Justice: Advocates for universal access to means of contribution through labor and capital; rewards based on participation.
- Social Justice: Centers on the common good, ensuring equal access to resources for all societal members and facilitating collaboration for institutional reform.
Justice-Based Leadership (JBL)
- Aligns values and actions across levels of an organization based on justice principles, integrating aspects of servant and transformational leadership.
- Aims to empower individuals within organizations, strengthening overall group effectiveness.
Justice-Based Management (JBM)
- A management framework rooted in principles of justice, aimed at creating sustainable ownership cultures and maximizing customer value.
- Measures success through customer value delivery insightfully factoring in quality and price dynamics.
Labor
- Defined in binary economics as all forms of human work contributing to economic processes rather than merely expressed through capital appreciation.
Monetary Aggregates
- M1: Includes currency, travelers checks, and demand deposits; essential for understanding liquidity in the economy.
- M2: Encompasses M1 plus savings deposits and small time deposits; indicates a broader measure of money supply.
- M3: Previously contained M2 plus large deposits and institutional funds; discontinued as a metric in 2006.
Market Dynamics
- Market Glut: Describes a condition where production exceeds market demand, impacting pricing.
- Primary Market: Transactions involve direct purchases from original issuers.
- Secondary Market: Deals with transactions of financial instruments among other parties, distinct from the original issuer.
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This quiz explores the concept of appropriation in the legislative process, focusing on how funds are allocated to government programs. Learn the differences between appropriations and entitlement programs, as well as the implications of discretionary funding. Perfect for those interested in public finance and government operations.
