Government Appropriation Quiz

What distinguishes appropriations from entitlements?

Which of the following best describes the primary function of a central bank?

How do legislators potentially obscure government spending?

What type of assets can a bank of issue monetize?

Which statement about tax expenditures is accurate?

What is the relationship between a central bank and commercial banks?

Why are appropriations considered complex?

What is a consequence of using tax credits and subsidies as a form of government expenditure?

What is the main function of the Capital Credit Reinsurance Corporation (CCRC)?

Which of the following describes the purpose of the Capital Homestead Account (CHA)?

What does the Capital Homestead Act aim to eliminate within the economic system?

How is the concept of 'capitalism' viewed according to binary economists?

In the context of the Capital Homestead Exemption, what is the primary benefit for participants?

What principle is contrasted with the principle of justice in the context of charity?

Which economic model is the Capital Homestead Act based on?

What aspect of capital ownership does the term 'universal capitalism' emphasize?

How is 'democratic capitalism' characterized in the economic context?

What is the primary focus of binary economists regarding economic systems?

What do defenders of democratic capitalism often overlook according to binary economists?

According to the content, how is the term 'capitalism' historically perceived?

What is one of the main criticisms of the conventional understanding of capitalism?

What role does charity play compared to justice according to the provided content?

What is considered the highest form of charity according to Moses Maimonides?

How is social charity distinct from organized charity?

What was the main purpose of the Chicago Plan proposed in the 1930s?

In what way do Citizens Land Banks (CLBs) differ from Community Development Corporations (CDCs)?

What does the term 'common good' refer to?

What principle fundamentally distinguishes collectivism in socialist theory?

What is meant by 'consumption income'?

What is the primary function of commercial banks in the financial system?

What does a corporation, as a legal entity, primarily limit for its owners?

Which of the following statements about community investment corporations is true?

Which concept within binary economics focuses on the right of individuals to acquire private ownership of capital assets?

What is the primary role of collateral in a loan agreement?

What role does the Central Bank have in the process of discounting?

What does binary economics challenge about traditional economic theories regarding scarcity?

What does social charity primarily inspire individuals to do?

What role does the common good play according to Rev. William Ferree?

What does the term 'barrier' refer to in the context of binary economics?

Which institution is designed to promote capital ownership among citizens while discounting loans?

In the context of charity, how does individual charity differ from social charity?

What is meant by 'Binary Productiveness' in binary economics?

What is the purpose of the Capital Credit Insurance Corporation?

In binary economics, what is the relationship between economic justice and efficiency?

What distinguishes binary growth from traditional economic growth models?

What is a defining characteristic of investment banks?

In the context of binary economics, what does 'capital' encompass?

Which of the following is a key distinction of binary economics compared to classical economic theories?

What limitation exists for shareholders or creditors regarding capital assets of a corporation?

Which term refers to loans made for the purchase of goods and services that do not generate income?

How does capital credit function in modern economics?

What characterizes a non-recourse loan?

Which type of credit is specifically interest-free and intended for productive projects?

How is pure credit different from conventional credit?

What is the primary purpose of capital credit insurance?

What is the expected outcome of self-liquidating credit?

Which description best fits consumer loans in terms of economic behavior?

Which term refers to loans expected to be paid back out of income generated by new assets?

In the context of corporate accountability, what is suggested to overcome drawbacks faced by corporations?

What financing concept is linked to generating future profits to pay off loans?

What ethical concern is associated with interest charged for non-productive loans?

What distinguishes 'good' uses of money under Capital Homesteading?

How is credit for Capital Homesteading projects generated?

What is a characteristic of Customer Stock Ownership Plans (CSOP)?

What causes economic deflation?

What is primarily indicated by 'Demand/Pull' inflation?

How is aggregate demand calculated?

Which of the following describes the term 'Imputed Rent'?

What is the role of the discount window in Central Banking?

How can Cost/Push inflation be addressed according to the provided information?

What does economic dilution result in?

Which best describes the Individual Stock Ownership Plan (ISOP)?

Under what conditions do loans for nonproductive uses arise in Capital Homesteading?

What is the primary goal of the Global Justice Movement?

Which of the following accurately describes the Industrial Homestead Act?

What is represented by demand deposits?

What does the term 'derived demand' refer to?

What component is considered a barrier for most borrowers under the Capital Homesteading proposal?

In which scenario is 'pure credit' used incorrectly according to the Capital Homesteading framework?

What does the inappropriate application of monetary policy potentially result in?

What percentage does the discount rate typically represent under binary economic policy?

What is a key characteristic of the 'Just Third Way' economic paradigm?

What factor contributes to political dilution?

What defines 'Secondary Security' in financial terms?

How is insurance for capital credit described in the context of commercial lending?

What is the purpose of pooling premiums paid to capital credit insurers?

Which statement accurately describes interest in the context of binary economics?

Which type of inflation is controllable through fiscal and monetary policy?

What is the primary intention of distributism as proposed by G.K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc?

What mechanism does an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) use to acquire equity shares in a company?

Which statement correctly defines the discount rate charged by the Federal Reserve?

In terms of values for loans, what is meant by 'discounting'?

What is an entitlement in the context of government funding?

Which of the following correctly describes the role of the Federal Reserve System?

Which process encompasses the idea of 'ephemeralization' as described by R. Buckminster Fuller?

What distinguishes an Employee Stock Accumulation Plan (ESAP) from an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)?

How does distributive justice conceptually relate to wealth accumulation?

What key issue does Capital Homesteading seek to address regarding shareholders?

In what way does the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 contribute to the economy?

What does the Federal Funds Rate specifically represent?

What is the primary purpose of the regional Federal Reserve Banks?

What is the primary distinction between the 'Just Third Way' and the versions of 'Third Way' associated with Bill Clinton and Tony Blair?

Which principle of justice involves equal or equivalent exchanges between individuals?

How does distributive justice differ from charity in its approach to resource distribution?

What is the ultimate aim of economic justice according to the content?

Which principle relates to the moral responsibility of individuals in economic systems?

What characterizes economic harmony according to the principles discussed?

What does the principle of limitation in the context of economic justice pertain to?

What is the fundamental basis of justice as described in the content?

What does participative justice ensure for individuals within economic systems?

Which type of justice addresses the division of goods based on cooperative contributions?

Which term refers to the moral principles guiding economic institutions?

How does the concept of economic justice relate to personal potential?

What is the relationship between distributive justice and productive contributions?

What ethical function does justice serve in human relationships according to the text?

What is M1 in the context of U.S. money supply?

Which option correctly describes the principle of limitation?

How does M2 differ from M1 in the monetary aggregate classification?

In what way did mercantilism impact global economic relationships?

What does M3 include in its monetary aggregate classification?

What does Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs suggest about human motivation?

Which economic system lacks the principle of limitation as described?

What characterizes the secondary market?

Which statement best describes the role of the principle of social justice?

How was the concept of mercantilism historically perceived?

What principle did Kelso and Adler later rename to the principle of harmony?

Which of the following does NOT describe a feature of M3?

Why is market glut significant in economic terms?

What is one of the criticisms of economic systems based solely on ownership of labor?

What does the term 'monetization' primarily refer to in financial contexts?

Which of the following is NOT traditionally one of the roles of money?

How does 'New Money' differ from 'Old Money' according to the content?

What is the purpose of the Open Market Committee within the Federal Reserve System?

What is a key aspect of the proposal for a Negative Income Tax?

Which of the following statements best captures Louis Kelso's perspective on money?

In what way does Capital Homesteading propose to utilize citizen-owned banks?

What is the main distinction between 'non-recourse credit' and conventional loans?

What is indicated by the concept of 'personalism' in the context of economic theory?

Which term describes financial instruments secured by agricultural assets?

What is the fundamental focus of binary economics regarding wealth distribution?

In binary economics, what does the term 'barrier' typically refer to?

How is 'open market operations' best defined?

Which best summarizes the role of a central bank in the economy?

What is the primary philosophy behind Justice-Based Management (JBM)?

Which statement best describes the voting passthrough mechanism in an ESOP?

What negative consequence is associated with a wage system?

How does the marginal propensity to consume differ between wealthy and less wealthy individuals?

In the context of work, how is 'leisure work' defined?

What does the Quantity Theory of Money state about the relationship between money supply and price level?

Which economic concept is characterized by a situation where one individual's gain necessarily results in another's loss?

What is the essence of property as defined in the context of individual rights?

What is the potential impact of a concentrated wage system on society?

In which economic principle is the velocity of money a critical factor?

What is a characteristic of the reserve policy with a 100% requirement?

How does the concept of ownership in a binary economy differ from traditional views?

Which aspect of capital is highlighted by the term 'pure credit'?

What role does leisure work play according to Aristotelian views?

What outcome do Keynesian and monetarist schools of thought agree on regarding money supply changes?

What challenge does binary economics present to conventional economic theories?

What significant issue does the wage system create in the labor market?

What does 'rediscounting' by the central bank aim to facilitate?

Which of the following best describes the implications of the 'currency principle' and 'banking principle' as per the content provided?

What limitation is placed on property rights according to English common law?

What distinguishes average propensity to consume from marginal propensity to consume?

How is the concept of property fundamentally characterized in the provided context?

What is emphasized as being done in 'closed systems' of capital financing?

What role does 'velocity of money' play in the Quantity Theory of Money?

What does Personalism emphasize about human rights?

In the context of Economic Personalism, how are just wages determined?

What is one of the key institutions for promoting equal opportunity in capital ownership as described in Economic Personalism?

What is a fundamental characteristic of power as described in the context of Economic Personalism?

Which principle does Personalism reject in terms of human empowerment?

How is economic power connected to political power according to the text?

What does price represent in a market economy as opposed to a centrally planned economy?

Which aspect of power is highlighted as a right of property?

What does the Just Third Way suggest about economic power and its allocation?

What is the ultimate goal of Economic Personalism as it pertains to individual empowerment?

What is the primary focus of power within a just society according to the principles outlined?

What does a reserve requirement percentage signify in banking?

Which statement best describes Say's Law of Markets?

What does the term 'just price' refer to in the economic context discussed?

In binary economics, how is 'economic scarcity' defined?

Which system does Economic Personalism seek to counteract through its principles?

What is the purpose of risk premiums in loan agreements?

According to Economic Personalism, what is vital for the support of human life and dignity?

What does 'ephemeralization' imply in the context of binary economics?

What is a key characteristic of forced savings in binary economics?

What concept does 'scarcity, effective' represent in non-binary economics?

Which term describes the claim that one individual has over another in terms of obligations?

What is 'savings, past' in binary economics referring to?

Which aspect of capital ownership does binary economics focus on?

Which of the following describes the nature of bank reserves?

What do critics say about the relationship between technological advances and wealth concentration?

What is the fundamental contrast between binary economics and traditional economic theories on scarcity?

How can 'new money' created under a fractional reserve system contribute to the economy?

What key aspect does economic sovereignty emphasize?

How does a binary economy differ in its growth potential compared to a capital-intensive economy?

What principle is emphasized by the concept of subsidiarity?

Louis Kelso's approach to overcoming economic scarcity is best described as being centered around what concept?

What does the term 'subsistence' imply in an economic context?

What is the primary effect of economic sovereignty on individual rights?

In binary economies, what challenge is posed by technological improvement?

Which of the following best describes the role of shares in a corporation?

What is the distinction between primary and secondary securities?

What effect does the principle of taxation have on individual economic activities?

What does 'value-based management' refer to in an economic context?

How is the 'capital credit reinsurance corporation' conceptually understood?

What is the underlying principle of justice within a binary economic framework?

What fundamental economic condition does Louis Kelso's theory address?

What principle requires every person to have access to the means and opportunity to contribute economic value?

According to participative justice, how is an individual's entitlement to receive determined?

What does social justice primarily aim to do within society?

Which of the following is a component of Justice-Based Leadership?

What is the formula for measuring value delivered to the customer in Justice-Based Management?

What aspect of leadership emphasizes the necessity for leaders to value themselves while also serving higher principles?

In the context of Justice-Based Management, what is one major goal?

Which of the following describes the concept of economic justice within a participative justice framework?

What does 'social justice tithing' signify?

Which leadership style embodies the idea of empowering group members as a fundamental objective?

What is the key focus of binary economics regarding labor?

In which context is social justice considered to operate within the social order?

What does Justice-Based Management originally emphasize?

What is a fundamental component of the principle-centered leadership aspect in Justice-Based Leadership?

An appropriation must be automatically granted without legislative approval.

A central bank is a financial institution that exclusively makes loans to consumers and businesses.

Tax expenditures can obscure government spending and reduce accountability to taxpayers.

A bank of issue can only monetize nonproductive assets like government debt.

The primary role of commercial banks is to function as a bank of issue.

Tax revenues are a primary source of funds for appropriation processes in government.

A central bank is typically the only institution allowed to create currency.

The process of appropriations is strictly formula-determined and does not involve discretion.

Commercial banks are primarily responsible for issuing currency in the economy.

The central tenet of binary economics is that output can only be generated through human labor.

The Capital Credit Corporation is designed to promote capital ownership by aggregating loans for discounting by the Federal Reserve.

Members of the public can discount their personal loans at a central bank.

Binary growth theory posits that economies grow larger when capital is acquired more broadly among the population.

Binary economics accepts the inevitability of scarcity within economic systems.

In binary economics, barriers refer to natural disasters that limit economic participation.

Investment banks primarily take deposits from customers to make loans.

The concept of 'Binary Property Right' refers to the restriction of capital ownership to wealthy individuals.

The Capital Credit Insurance Corporation provides insurance against defaults on Capital Homestead credit.

According to binary economists, financial insecurity is a key driver of economic freedom.

Capital includes all non-human factors of production, such as land and machinery.

A central bank's role includes controlling the interest rate policy.

Binary economics suggests that monopolies are beneficial for economic participation.

Binary Productiveness emphasizes the diminishing contribution of capital in economic growth compared to labor.

The highest form of charity, according to Moses Maimonides, is to enable the poor man to remain dependent on others.

Social charity encourages individuals to transform institutional faults rather than destroy them.

Citizens Land Banks (CLBs) are categorized as nonprofit entities.

Collectivism acknowledges personal ownership of land and resources.

The common good encompasses the social structures enabling individuals to exercise their rights fully.

Consumption income refers to income saved rather than spent on goods and services.

A corporation is viewed as a legal entity that can enter contracts and limit liability for its owners.

The Chicago Plan proposed in the 1930s suggested a 50% reserve requirement for banks.

Community Development Corporations (CDCs) allow citizens to have direct ownership and control.

The concept of the 'common good' is exclusively about the interests of individuals.

The term 'collective' recognizes the importance of individual contributions within a group.

The ownership of shares in a corporation grants shareholders direct control over corporate decisions.

Citizens Land Cooperative (CLC) is synonymous with Citizens Land Bank (CLB).

Collateral is wealth pledged as a guarantee for a loan repayment.

The Capital Homestead Act allows any citizen to accumulate assets without taxes on their capital gains or dividend income.

Capitalism, as defined by binary economists, emphasizes the ownership of capital by a small number of individuals.

The term 'capitalism' was coined by Adam Smith as a neutral term for a free market system.

The Capital Credit Reinsurance Corporation (CCRC) is designed to insure loans made in local commercial banks only.

Charity is primarily understood as the distribution based on an individual's contribution to society.

The Capital Homestead Account (CHA) is similar to a savings account and does not offer tax shelters for participants.

The principle of distribution for justice operates on the idea of meeting basic human needs.

Louis Kelso characterized 'universal capitalism' as a system where labor becomes the primary factor of production.

Binary economists believe that traditional capitalism fosters equality among individuals.

The Capital Homesteading model aims to provide universal access to capital ownership for every citizen.

Charity, as defined in the content, is synonymous with justice when discussing socio-economic distributions.

The main function of the Capital Credit Reinsurance Corporation (CCRC) is to serve as a last resort for loan defaults.

The Capital Homestead Act aims to create barriers to capital accumulation among citizens.

Advocates of the 'Just Third Way' believe capitalism is the ideal system devoid of any criticism.

Future savings generated by Capital Homestead investments are treated as taxable income immediately.

Shareholders or creditors can make personal claims on particular capital assets owned by the corporation during its operation.

Democratizing corporate accountability can potentially overcome drawbacks of corporations.

Credit refers exclusively to loans that have to be repaid with interest.

Capital credit is designed to help individuals without sufficient past savings become capital owners.

Non-recourse loans require the borrower’s personal assets to be at risk in the event of default.

Pure credit relies on previously accumulated savings for repayment.

Interest-free loans are considered usury if they are issued for non-productive purposes.

Credit, Self-Liquidating refers to loans that are expected to cover costs of assets through future profits.

The concept of pure credit includes transaction fees as part of its overall costs.

A loan's risk can be insured through capital credit insurance under capital homesteading proposals.

Under corporate structures, shareholders have unlimited personal liability for corporate debts.

Consumer credit is used interchangeably with capital credit in financial terms.

The Federal Reserve System's main monetary objective is to primarily promote economic growth.

Distributism emphasizes the accumulation of wealth in a few hands.

Under Capital Homesteading, money for nonproductive uses can be generated interest-free.

The Chief distinction of pure credit compared to conventional credit is in the absence of interest.

Credit understood as 'productive credit' aims to generate returns that repay the loan from new income.

The CSOP allows regular customers to gain ownership rights in public utilities based on their patronage.

A dividend is an automatic allocation of funds from an investment without the need for approval from the Board of Directors.

Dilution, Economic occurs when new shares are added without increasing the productivity of capital assets.

The shareholder's personal assets are always at risk when borrowing through a leveraged Employee Stock Ownership Plan.

Under Capital Homesteading, shareholders would receive full dividends without the need for reinvestment.

The discount rate is a fixed percentage that does not change regardless of economic conditions.

The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 empowered regional banks to create money by rediscounting qualified loan papers.

An Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) requires employees to invest their personal savings to acquire shares.

Demand deposits refer to any category of savings that cannot be accessed upon request.

Backing the currency with productive assets allows the money supply to expand in a growing economy.

Ephemeralization is a concept describing the process of increasing the productiveness of labor relative to capital.

Discounting is the process of a central bank purchasing qualified loans from commercial banks by creating currency.

Economic Personalism is a term related to the concept of distributive justice.

The aggregate demand represents the total demand across all sectors in an economy.

The Federal Funds Rate is the interest rate that commercial banks charge for long-term loans.

The term 'entitlement' refers to funds that must be appropriated by the government each time they are allocated.

Political dilution results in a decrease of economic power for existing shareholders.

Distributive justice focuses on how wealth is distributed among the individuals in a society.

Deflation is characterized by more currency units available than there are goods and services.

Duty is defined as a non-enforceable moral obligation to perform an act.

Under the Capital Homesteading policy, local lenders do not charge any transaction fees for capital acquisition loans.

Employee Stock Accumulation Plans (ESAPs) guarantee employees the right to vote on all shareholder issues.

A CSOP creates an internal market for reselling shares only when there is a public market available.

The Fed's discount window is only used by non-member banks for obtaining loans.

Consumer demand is not a determinant of derived demand for capital goods.

The discount operation of the Federal Reserve System is exclusively aimed at individual investors.

Restructuring the global marketplace is a goal of the Global Justice Movement.

Imputed Rent represents the actual rental income generated from a property.

Cost/Push inflation cannot be controlled through fiscal and monetary policy.

Secondary issuances refer to newly created shares sold directly by the original issuer.

The principle of distributive justice is based solely on strict equality of results.

The Industrial Homestead Act was developed by Louis Kelso in the year 1964.

Economic justice aims to limit individuals' economic potential.

Interest in binary economics is considered equivalent to the rent of money.

Participative justice emphasizes the right of every individual to access economic resources equally.

The concept of 'Just Third Way' promotes equitable ownership of capital among the population.

Forced savings are associated with voluntary contributions made by individuals.

The 'Just Third Way' institutionalizes envy as a necessary component of a moral society.

Commutative justice is concerned with the equitable exchange of goods and services.

Demand/Pull inflation is primarily caused by consumers having less money than goods available.

Justice as a moral virtue is unrelated to the concept of equity.

Primary securities are those that reflect newly created capital and are sold directly to investors.

Capital credit insurance functions as a collateral substitute for lenders.

In terms of distributive justice, the ideal distribution of resources is 'to each according to his contribution.'

Economic harmony is achieved when either distributive or participative justice is fully operational.

Artificial increases in production costs are a hallmark of Demand/Pull inflation.

The 'Just Third Way' is similar to traditional capitalism as it institutionalizes greed.

Interest-Free Credit refers to loans that are charged at zero interest rates.

Social justice is primarily concerned with how individuals relate to their institutions.

Louis Kelso and Mortimer Adler referred to economic justice as the 'principle of accumulation.'

The foundation of justice is based on the dignity of each individual.

Economic justice is a broader category that encompasses commercial justice.

The principle of limitation allows for unlimited concentrations of capital ownership in an economy based on private property.

M1 includes large-denomination time deposits and repurchase agreements.

Mercantilism historically promoted the accumulation of gold and silver through trade protection and monopolies.

M3 has been discontinued as of March 2006 by the Federal Reserve.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs prioritizes self-esteem above survival and security needs.

M2 includes all types of demand deposits at commercial banks.

Market glut refers to production that can be sold at market prices.

The secondary market is where financial instruments are sold by their original issuers.

Binary economists have never referred to the principle of limitation as the principle of harmony.

Savings deposits are included in the M1 monetary aggregate.

Monetization is primarily the responsibility of private individuals rather than banks.

The principle of economic justice by Kelso and Adler is solely concerned with the distribution of income based on needs.

Money serves four essential roles: a medium of exchange, a store of value, a standard of value, and a measure of value.

The definition of legal tender includes only physical currency issued by the government.

Under Capital Homesteading, money is created through the accumulation of past savings.

The Open Market Committee increases the money supply by selling Treasury securities.

A primary market deals with the resale of financial instruments.

Paper, Agricultural refers to financial instruments that are secured by agricultural assets.

Under mercantilism, government intervention in the market aimed to protect domestic jobs.

The largest components of M3 monetary aggregate include small-denomination time deposits.

Negative Income Tax was proposed by economist Adam Smith.

In binary economics, money is not considered a part of the visible sector of the economy.

An individual can be legally considered a 'person' regardless of their social rank.

New money under Capital Homesteading is financed through high-interest loans from traditional banks.

Artificial persons, such as corporations and governments, have no legal rights or duties.

Money provides a method of measuring values, obligations, and rights within an economic system.

The quantity theory of money formula relates to the principles of Capital Homesteading.

Capital democratization aims to limit private sector growth linked to citizen ownership of banks.

Personalism emphasizes the equality of all human beings regarding natural rights.

Commercial paper is typically secured by specific collateral.

Under 100% reserves, every dollar of new money would be backed by productive liabilities.

A bank is required to hold all of its financial assets in cash at the bank.

Say's Law of Markets implies that production and consumption should be in balance.

Economic scarcity is defined as insufficient resources for an economy's needs.

Scarcity, Effective refers to a condition of insufficiency that is accepted in non-binary economics.

The concept of 'ephemeralization' refers to doing less with more.

Risk premiums in lending are generally added to cover anticipated risks of loan repayment.

Savings observed in the present are referred to as 'Savings, Past' in binary economics.

In binary economics, 'capital' encompasses only physical assets excluding human capital.

The term 'Right' in legal contexts refers to a person's claim against another to perform or refrain from an action.

Participative justice mandates the elimination of barriers to capital ownership.

Binary economics suggests that technological advancements lead to an inevitability of effective scarcity.