Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
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Questions and Answers

What is the central atom in an aldehyde?

  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Hydrogen
  • Carbon (correct)

What is the catalyst used in the Rosenmund reduction to prepare aldehydes?

  • Palladium on barium sulfate (correct)
  • Palladium on silica gel
  • Palladium on calcium carbonate
  • Palladium on carbon

What is the hybridization of the carbonyl carbon in a ketone?

  • dsp2
  • sp
  • sp3
  • sp2 (correct)

What is the product of the reaction of acid chlorides with dialkyl cadmium?

<p>Ketones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the polarity of the carbonyl group in ketones?

<p>Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate bond angle in the structure of ketones?

<p>120° (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

<p>R-COOH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when primary alcohols are oxidized with common oxidizing agents?

<p>They are oxidized to carboxylic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of carboxylic acids that contributes to their high boiling points?

<p>Their ability to participate in hydrogen bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method used to prepare dialkyl cadmium?

<p>Reaction of Grignard reagents with cadmium chloride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of carboxylic acids industrially?

<p>They are used in the production of pharmaceuticals, food additives, solvents, and polymers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the COOH group in carboxylic acids?

<p>It is acidic in nature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the formation of stable dimers in carboxylic acids?

<p>Owing to their ability to participate in hydrogen bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of oxidation of primary alcohols with common oxidizing agents?

<p>Formation of carboxylic acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Grignard reagents in the preparation of dialkyl cadmium?

<p>To prepare dialkyl cadmium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the C=O group in carboxylic acids?

<p>It is responsible for their ability to participate in hydrogen bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones?

<p>They are all carbonyl compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the reaction of acid chlorides with dialkyl cadmium?

<p>Formation of mixed ketones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the reaction of acid chlorides with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst?

<p>Rosenmund reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the barium sulfate in the Rosenmund reduction?

<p>To increase the surface area of the palladium catalyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the carbonyl carbon in a ketone?

<p>Trigonal planar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of ketones?

<p>Food additives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the R group in an aldehyde?

<p>Either an alkyl or aryl group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dialkyl cadmium in the preparation of ketones?

<p>To react with acid chlorides to form ketones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the palladium catalyst in the Rosenmund reduction?

<p>To reduce the acid chlorides to aldehydes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between aldehydes and ketones?

<p>The presence of a carbon-containing substituent on both sides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of barium sulfate in the Rosenmund reduction?

<p>To support the palladium catalyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the carbonyl group in ketones?

<p>It is polar due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the industrial use of ketones?

<p>As solvents and pharmaceuticals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of ketones centered around the carbonyl carbon?

<p>Trigonal planar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for a carboxylic acid?

<p>R-COOH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can mixed ketones be prepared conveniently?

<p>By reacting acid chlorides with dialkyl cadmium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids?

<p>They are all carbonyl compounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the O-H bond in carboxylic acids?

<p>It donates hydrogen in hydrogen bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the C=O group in carboxylic acids?

<p>It is responsible for the polarity of the molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of carboxylic acids industrially?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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