Understanding Airway Resistance

Which of the following is the correct equation to determine airway resistance (AWR)?

In healthy individuals, where is the major site of resistance to flow of air?

In most common disease states, where is the major site of resistance to flow of air?

What are some factors that can cause a reduction in the luminal size of the smaller airways?

What is airway resistance (AWR)?

Which factor indicates high airway resistance?

What causes airway resistance?

In which generation of the bronchi have the greatest airway resistance?

What factors can affect airway diameter?

What is the mechanism of mechanical tethering in relation to airway diameter?

What can cause the narrowing of the airway lumen during massive mucus secretion?

Which factor helps keep the alveoli open?

What is a characteristic of asthma in terms of airway inflammation?

Which condition is associated with higher airway resistance (AWR)?

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for parasympathetic stimulation in the autonomic nervous system?

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for sympathetic stimulation in the autonomic nervous system?

Which type of mediator is responsible for non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) stimulation in the autonomic nervous system?

Which type of drug can reduce airway resistance by blocking parasympathetic stimulation?

Which receptors are abundantly expressed on human airway smooth muscle and their stimulation causes bronchodilation?

Which part of the airways has high density parasympathetic innervation?

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on airway smooth muscle?

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on airway smooth muscle?

Which receptor is responsible for the contraction of airway smooth muscle when acetylcholine binds to it?

Which receptor limits further acetylcholine release in the parasympathetic nervous system?

What is the cause of histamine release in the airways?

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for parasympathetic stimulation in the autonomic nervous system?

Which reflex mechanism is triggered by parasympathetic stimulation and helps cough out irritant particles?

Which molecule is responsible for increasing smooth muscle contraction, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion?

Which type of stimulation is important for the cough reflex?

What happens to bronchospasm and reflex mechanisms in asthma?

What is the role of increased mucus production in the airways during parasympathetic stimulation?

Which receptors are targeted by β2-adrenergic agonists to induce bronchodilation?

Which type of stimulation is responsible for the release of histamine from mast cells in the airways?

Which class of drugs acts on muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic stimulation to counteract bronchoconstriction?

Which type of stimulation leads to bronchodilation and less secretion in the airways?

What is the role of NANC (non-adrenergic non-cholinergic) neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a β2-adrenoceptor agonist used for bronchodilation?

What is the effect of β2-adrenoceptor agonists on mediator release from mast cells?

Which type of pharmacological intervention acts on muscarinic receptors to block the effects of parasympathetic stimulation?

Which type of receptor is targeted by anti-histamines in the context of parasympathetic stimulation?

Select the correct statement on airway resistance:

Select the correct statement on autonomic nervous system of respiratory system:

Select the best statement on parasympathetic nervous system on respiratory system.

Select the correct statement on sympathetic nervous system on respiratory system.

Select the correct statement on drug in reducing the airway resistance.