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Questions and Answers
What is self-identity primarily characterized by?
In Erik Erikson's theory, identity confusion can result from what?
According to James Marcia, which element is essential for the development of a mature identity?
What does Erikson imply about individuals with low self-esteem?
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What does Marcia suggest is a critical aspect of identity formation?
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Which of the following would not contribute to personal identity achievement according to Erikson?
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What is the relationship between self-esteem and identity confusion as per Erikson's theory?
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How does Marcia define identity?
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What is a significant aspect of identity and individuality during middle and late adolescence?
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What is the primary reason for the psychological changes adolescents experience regarding body image?
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Which of the following is NOT a helpful tip for dealing with body image issues?
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Which philosopher is quoted regarding the notion of identity and change?
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What does the physical maturation of adolescents often signal?
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At what age range does the quest for identity often intensify?
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What psychological aspect often contributes to heightened self-consciousness in adolescents?
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Which of the following is emphasized in developing a positive body image?
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What characterizes an identity that is diffused?
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What is a key component of achieving emotional stability during adolescence?
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Which stage involves going through a crisis while exploring options for identity?
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What is emphasized as an important aspect of independence during adolescence?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between social interests and maturity?
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What is the primary goal during middle to late adolescence regarding career?
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What is one indicator of identity foreclosed status?
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Why is independence deemed crucial during adolescence?
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Study Notes
Understanding the Middle and Late Adolescence
- Between 15 - 21 years old
- Individuals are searching for identity and individuality
- They assert independence and make personal decisions
- They seek to know themselves
Physical Changes and Body Image
- Physiological changes occur between ages 12 - 14
- Secretion of hormones by the endocrine glands
- This signals sexual maturation and reproductive readiness
- Production of sex hormones can be seen physically
- A growth spurt occurs with increases in body mass, body hair, and the changing of boys' voices
- A peak in self-consciousness is experienced
Psychological Changes
- Individuals are recognizing their bodily changes
- Self-image is an important concern and they begin developing specific preferences
Helpful Tips: How to Deal with Body Issues
- Prioritize health over beauty
- Get professional help for a healthy body if necessary
- Avoid criticizing how you look
- Be yourself and accept your God-given gifts
- Look inside yourself for inspiration
- Love yourself
- Appreciate both your own beauty and others’ beauty
Self-Identity
- It is the distinctive characteristics of the individual
- It relates to one’s overall self-evaluation (self-esteem)
- Self-identity helps shape sense of individuality
Erik Erikson
- He focused on the idea of identity vs confusion
- Erikson explained that a restriction or lack of exploration and identification of one’s characteristics, values and direction leads to confusion
- He said too much conformity can cause low self-esteem while exaggerated outlook can also be problematic
Erik Erikson: Identity Achievement
- He stated that an individual should participate in personal, career development, as well as attend retreats and seminars to achieve their identity
James Marcia
- He is an expert in identity formation
- He defined identity as an internal, self-constructed and dynamic organization of an individual's drives, abilities, beliefs and history
James Marcia: Elements of Mature Identity
- There is a crisis that presents an opportunity for exploration
- A commitment that keeps you faithful in your beliefs and values, focuses you on your goals, plans or career
Development of Self-Identity
- Identity Diffused: No experienced crisis, no clear focus or direction
- Identity Foreclosed: Little to no evidence of a crisis; clear commitment, but influenced by parents or peers
- Identity Moratorium: Going through a crisis, exploring the self, and making tentative commitments
- Identity Achieved: Clearly understands who they are
Social Interests, Emotional Stability and Maturity Level
- Adolescents form many relationships at this stage
- Those relationships broaden their social spheres and influence
- The adolescents' need for maturity increases
- Maturity and emotional stability help them interact with others and handle stress
Freedom and Independence
- Adolescents encounter conflict with parents and authorities
- Independence and maturity are intertwined
- The phrase “With power comes responsibility” applies to this stage
Helpful Tips: How to Be Independent
- Become responsible by managing your time and money
- Develop planning skills
- Know your limitations
- Remain respectful of adults and authorities
- Believe in yourself
Career Interests and Inclinations
- Middle to late adolescence is when individuals should prepare for adult roles, including career exploration
- Individuals should try to figure out their interests or the things they enjoy
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts related to middle and late adolescence, focusing on identity, physiological changes, and body image issues. It also provides helpful tips for managing body issues and emphasizes the importance of self-acceptance and health over societal beauty standards.
