Underground Mining and Mineral Production Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one advantage of surface mining over underground mining?

  • Higher selectivity and lower cost
  • Lower cost and higher selectivity
  • Safer work environment and higher selectivity
  • Lower cost and safer work environment (correct)

    • What is a key factor that determines the transition from surface mining to underground mining?

  • Mining depth
  • Equipment size
  • Ore density
  • Stripping ratio (correct)

    • What percentage of ore was mined via underground mining in Canada in 2002?

  • 25%
  • 20%
  • 10%
  • 16% (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of underground mining in terms of cost?

    <p>Expensive ($50-$200/tonne) excluding processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the extent of an ore body?

    <p>Cut-off grade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ventilation in underground mining?

    <p>Facilitating various mining activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars in underground mines?

    <p>To provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of artificial support methods like rock bolting in underground mines?

    <p>To consolidate roof strata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mining term refers to the system used to bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow in underground mines?

    <p>Fresh air raise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a draw point in underground mining?

    <p>To allow for ore extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mining activity involves the use of explosives?

    <p>Loading and hauling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a crown pillar in underground mining?

    <p>To support the mine roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is Sudbury, Canada, known for?

    <p>Nickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Canada's leading mineral in terms of production?

    <p>Potash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a raise in underground mining?

    <p>To provide ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a skip in underground mining?

    <p>To carry extracted minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between surface mining and underground mining?

    <p>Surface mining is not selective, extracting both ore and waste, while underground mining is selective, extracting only the ore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cost range per tonne for underground mining, excluding processing?

    <p>$50-$200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of mined ore in Canada was obtained via underground mining in 2002?

    <p>16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key parameter that determines the transition from surface mining to underground mining?

    <p>Stripping ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of surface mining over underground mining?

    <p>Work in open environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of underground mining in terms of cost?

    <p>High extraction cost per tonne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a draw point in underground mining?

    <p>Area for ore extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars in underground mines?

    <p>Support the roof and prevent collapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ventilation in underground mining?

    <p>Supplying fresh air and ensuring proper airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a crown pillar in underground mining?

    <p>Support the roof and prevent collapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ventilation in underground mining?

    <p>To provide fresh air for miners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars in underground mines?

    <p>To prevent openings from collapsing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a draw point in underground mining?

    <p>To extract ore from the stope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a crown pillar in underground mining?

    <p>To support the overlying rock and prevent collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the extent of an ore body in underground mining?

    <p>Cut-off grade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a raise in underground mining?

    <p>To provide access to lower levels of the mine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of artificial support methods like rock bolting in underground mines?

    <p>To prevent roof strata from collapsing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ore is Sudbury, Canada known for?

    <p>Nickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a skip in underground mining?

    <p>To transport ore and waste to the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a natural support in mines?

    <p>To prevent openings from failing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of shotcrete in underground mining?

    <p>Preventing rocks from falling by spraying concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of Hydrafil used in underground mining?

    <p>Tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Jumbo drilling equipment in underground mining?

    <p>Used in drift/ramp development, cut and fill, and room and pillar mining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of rock bolters in underground mining operations?

    <p>Installing rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of trackless scooptrams in underground mining?

    <p>Transporting blasted rock from stopes short distances to trucks or ore passes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of underground trucks in mining operations?

    <p>Transporting blasted rock from stopes long distances via internal ramp systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles in underground mining?

    <p>Transporting underground ores involving manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate objective of exploration in mining?

    <p>To predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different sources of dilution in mining?

    <p>Geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors do underground mining methods depend on?

    <p>Deposit size, shape, chemical composition, wall rock competence, mechanization level, and operating costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Underground Mining and Mineral Production: Key Points

    • Canada is a top-five global producer of 10 major minerals and metals, leading in potash and ranking high in uranium, diamond, titanium, platinum group metals, cadmium, aluminum, nickel, graphite, and gold.
    • Sudbury, Canada, holds one of the world's largest nickel deposits, with historic production and current reserves exceeding US$300 billion.
    • Ore is valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit, and the extent of an ore body is determined by the cut-off grade, below which mining is uneconomic.
    • Mining terminology includes definitions for orebody, vein, host rock, and dyke, as well as concepts like dip, strike, hanging wall, footwall, development, shaft, portal, adit, and tunnel.
    • Other mining terms include ramp, collar, drift, crosscut, face, draw point, ore pass, raise, sump, crown pillar, sill/floor pillar, cage, skip, hoist, and stope.
    • Ventilation is a crucial aspect of underground mining, necessary for loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, backfilling, and blasting.
    • Natural support in mines involves leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars to prevent openings from failing, with various types of pillars serving different support functions.
    • Artificial support in mines is introduced after excavation and includes methods like rock bolting to consolidate roof strata with steel bolts.
    • Underground mining activities encompass development and production drilling, loading with explosives and blasting, ventilation, loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, and backfilling.
    • Fresh air raise and exhaust air raise are part of the intake shaft system used in underground mines to bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow.
    • Mining Optimization Laboratory provides detailed insights into mining terminology, activities, and support systems.
    • The text offers comprehensive explanations of key mining terms and activities, providing a detailed overview of underground mining operations and mineral production.

    Underground Mining and Mineral Production: Key Points

    • Canada is a top-five global producer of 10 major minerals and metals, leading in potash and ranking high in uranium, diamond, titanium, platinum group metals, cadmium, aluminum, nickel, graphite, and gold.
    • Sudbury, Canada, holds one of the world's largest nickel deposits, with historic production and current reserves exceeding US$300 billion.
    • Ore is valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit, and the extent of an ore body is determined by the cut-off grade, below which mining is uneconomic.
    • Mining terminology includes definitions for orebody, vein, host rock, and dyke, as well as concepts like dip, strike, hanging wall, footwall, development, shaft, portal, adit, and tunnel.
    • Other mining terms include ramp, collar, drift, crosscut, face, draw point, ore pass, raise, sump, crown pillar, sill/floor pillar, cage, skip, hoist, and stope.
    • Ventilation is a crucial aspect of underground mining, necessary for loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, backfilling, and blasting.
    • Natural support in mines involves leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars to prevent openings from failing, with various types of pillars serving different support functions.
    • Artificial support in mines is introduced after excavation and includes methods like rock bolting to consolidate roof strata with steel bolts.
    • Underground mining activities encompass development and production drilling, loading with explosives and blasting, ventilation, loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, and backfilling.
    • Fresh air raise and exhaust air raise are part of the intake shaft system used in underground mines to bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow.
    • Mining Optimization Laboratory provides detailed insights into mining terminology, activities, and support systems.
    • The text offers comprehensive explanations of key mining terms and activities, providing a detailed overview of underground mining operations and mineral production.

    Mining Methods and Equipment Summary

    • Shotcrete is used in ground control to prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening.
    • Hydrafil is a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope, with tailings being the material rejected from a mill after extracting valuable minerals.
    • Jumbo drilling equipment is used in drift/ramp development, cut and fill, and room and pillar mining, with 1, 2, or 3 drill booms depending on the size.
    • Rock bolters are used to install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations.
    • Trackless scooptrams transport blasted rock from stopes short distances to trucks or ore passes and have a front-end bucket for carrying and dumping bulk materials.
    • Underground trucks transport blasted rock from stopes long distances via internal ramp systems, with capacities ranging from 26 to 50 tonnes.
    • Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles are essential for transporting underground ores and typically involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping.
    • The ultimate objective of exploration is to predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization, achieved by creating a geologic model to calculate the quantity and quality of the ore deposit.
    • Dilution in mining can have different definitions and sources, including geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution, affecting the ore stream.
    • Underground mining methods depend on factors such as deposit size, shape, chemical composition, wall rock competence, mechanization level, and operating costs, making it a complicated process.
    • Factors affecting underground mining methods include capital costs, operating costs, ore value, production rate, waste rock dilution, orebody recovery, orebody variability, orebody widths, and ground conditions.
    • Learning outcomes of the lecture include understanding important terminology related to underground mining, equipment used, and factors affecting underground mining methods.

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    Underground Mining - Lec11 - Winter 2023 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of underground mining and mineral production with this quiz. Learn about key mining terms, activities, support systems, and major mineral production in Canada. Challenge yourself with questions on ore bodies, ventilation, support methods, and mining terminology.

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