UND_SELF Unit 1: The Self Perspectives
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Questions and Answers

According to Plato, what is required for the soul to access wisdom?

  • Education in a formal institution
  • Recollection of innate knowledge (correct)
  • Influence from external wisdom teachings
  • Complete knowledge of the world

    • Which of the following best describes Socrates' educational background?

  • He attended several universities
  • He was primarily self-taught through books
  • He was a well-educated scholar
  • He achieved wisdom without formal schooling (correct)

    • What are the three components of the soul according to Plato?

  • Instinct, Consciousness, and Reasoning
  • Reason, Physical Appetite, and Spirit (correct)
  • Mind, Body, and Spirit
  • Psyche, Emotion, and Intellect

    • What does Plato suggest should govern the other parts of the soul?

    <p>Reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the philosophical concept emphasized by Plato regarding self-awareness?

    <p>Know thyself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the self is described as the rational aspect?

    <p>Ego</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Plato describe the conflict within the soul?

    <p>It occurs between Physical Appetite and Reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Plato believe about individuals who seem wise but lack formal education?

    <p>They possess innate knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is passive downward comparison?

    <p>Considering previous conditions in self-comparison.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a reference group provide in terms of self-evaluation?

    <p>A standard for evaluating oneself and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sociologists define a reference group?

    <p>A group individuals are compared against for identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-enhancement involve according to the content?

    <p>Questioning which aspects need improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an individual's identity in the context of collectivism?

    <p>An identity shared with others derived from culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aristotle mean by 'the mind (self) is a tabula rasa'?

    <p>The mind starts as a blank slate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Aristotle's philosophy contrast with Plato's view of knowledge?

    <p>Aristotle believes experience is necessary for knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Dualistic Reality' refer to in Aristotle's philosophy?

    <p>The distinction between the physical body and the spiritual soul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Epicureanism, what is the key to avoiding disappointment in life?

    <p>Seeking moderate pleasures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Medieval Philosophy from 500 AD to 1350 AD?

    <p>The integration of philosophical and religious ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Aristotle perceive the nature of the physical world?

    <p>It is flawed and constantly developing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of self does Aristotle believe is essential for personal growth?

    <p>The understanding of one's values and principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Plato suggest as the means to acquire knowledge?

    <p>Recollection of innate ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In active downward comparison, what assumption does a person typically make about themselves?

    <p>They are equal to or better than the best person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavior when people engage in upward comparison?

    <p>They seek to make themselves feel better.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance might a person engage in downward social comparison?

    <p>When they are unhappy or unmotivated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of both upward and downward comparison?

    <p>To feel better about oneself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens in a situation involving downward social comparison?

    <p>The individual compares themselves to those less fortunate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-evaluation primarily involves which of the following?

    <p>Seeking positive traits in oneself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does motivation relate to self-evaluation and self-enhancement?

    <p>Motivation facilitates self-reflection and positive reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of derogation in active downward comparison?

    <p>To cause harm or devalue the target.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with the ego in psychological terms?

    <p>To mediate between the id and superego</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the balance of the psyche is disturbed?

    <p>The ego works to minimize anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the imaginary audience concept suggest about adolescents?

    <p>They think they are constantly being criticized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanism involves redirecting unwanted impulses into constructive activities?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of defense mechanisms in psychological terms?

    <p>To manage subconscious desires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a weak ego lead to in an individual?

    <p>Increased anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible negative effect of having too much positive self-regard?

    <p>Formation of superiority complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves attributing one’s own undesirable traits to another person?

    <p>Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Perspectives on the Self

    • Philosophical Views:

      • The self is examined through philosophy, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and Eastern thought.
      • Plato: Advocated for the idea of an ideal self striving for wisdom and perfection.
      • Plato's concept of the soul: Composed of three parts - Reason, Physical Appetite, and Spirit/Passion.
      • Socrates emphasizes the intrinsic nature of wisdom, advocating "Know thyself".

    • Aristotelian Thought:

      • Plato's dualism contrasts with Aristotle's practical realism.
      • Aristotle proposed that the mind is a tabula rasa (blank slate) developed through experiences.
      • He viewed the self as composed of matter (body) and form (soul).

    • Epicurean Perspective:

      • Focuses on moderate pleasures and contentment with simplicity, contributing to a fulfilled life.

    Medieval Philosophy and Religion

    • Integration of Philosophy and Religion:
      • Philosophy and spirituality were combined, leading to disputes over the nature of knowledge and existence.

    Psychological Views on the Self

    • Ego and Reality Principle:

      • Ego mediates between the id's irrational desires and the superego's moralistic demands, maintaining contact with reality.

    • Defense Mechanisms:

      • Unconscious strategies to protect the ego from anxiety, including projection and sublimation.

    • Cognitive Construction of Self:

      • Imaginary Audience: Adolescents believe they are under constant observation, fostering feelings of uniqueness.
      • Self-Concept: Shapes self-evaluation and self-enhancement strategies.

    Social Comparisons

    • Upward and Downward Comparisons:

      • Upward comparison: Individuals see themselves in relation to those they view as superior, risking feelings of inferiority.
      • Downward comparison: Individuals compare themselves to those worse off to enhance self-esteem.

    • Self-Evaluation and Self-Enhancement:

      • Self-evaluation involves seeking positive traits based on personal strengths.
      • Self-enhancement focuses on identifying areas for improvement relative to others.

    Reference Groups and Identity

    • Reference Groups:

      • These groups serve as standards for evaluating one’s own behavior and identity.
      • "Tell me who your friends are and I’ll tell you who you are" signifies the communal aspects of identity.

    • Individualism vs. Collectivism:

      • Individualism emphasizes personal independence and identity, while collectivism focuses on shared identity within a cultural context.
      • Markus & Kitayama's model highlights how identities are formed in relation to societal norms and values.

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    Description

    Explore the concept of the self through various lenses including philosophy, sociology, psychology, and anthropology. This quiz delves into theories from Plato and the tripartite model of the soul. Challenge your understanding of how different fields define and interpret the self.

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