Uncontrollable Risks and World Risk Society

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'de-bounding' refer to in the context of uncontrollable risks?

  • The removal of geographical or temporal limitations on risks. (correct)
  • The classification of risks by their severity.
  • The process of increasing risk awareness.
  • The ability to quantify and insure risks effectively.

Which risks are identified as spatially de-bounded?

  • Air pollution and climate change. (correct)
  • Genetically modified organisms.
  • Nuclear waste disposal.
  • Financial crises within nation-states.

What characterizes the temporal dimension of uncontrollable risks?

  • The ability to predict future risks accurately.
  • Long latency periods before consequences become apparent. (correct)
  • The limitation of risks to particular regions.
  • Immediate recognition of dangers.

What is a primary issue related to social de-bounding of risks?

<p>Identifying individual agents responsible for risks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do private insurance boundaries shift due to uncontrollable risks?

<p>They dissolve due to unpredictable nature of damages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conflict is not mentioned as part of the axes of conflict in world risk society?

<p>Cultural conflicts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as the central issue in a world risk society?

<p>The control over risks that are inherently uncontrollable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a risk with uncertain temporal consequences?

<p>The long-term effects of nuclear waste. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'risk' imply in modern contexts?

<p>It involves decision-making and control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of the speeding up of modernization?

<p>A gulf between quantifiable risk and non-quantifiable insecurities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the risks in the world risk society?

<p>They are often manufactured and uncontrollable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is 'uncontrollable risk' described in the context provided?

<p>As a contradiction in terms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the theory of world risk society NOT suggest?

<p>Everyday life has become more dangerous. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the development of the welfare state relate to risks?

<p>It based its legitimacy on protecting citizens from all dangers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'master narrative of first modernity'?

<p>It signifies the triumph of modern scientific thought. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technologies are mentioned as being associated with unpredictable and uncontrollable consequences?

<p>Nuclear energy and gene technology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the de-nationalization of national spaces imply for the nation-state's power?

<p>It is collapsing from both internal and external factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described as the relationship between (inter)nationalism and cosmopolitanism?

<p>They coexist in an ambivalent and transitional manner. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'world risk society' suggest about the demands placed on social science?

<p>Social science must adapt to the realities of de-nationalization and transnationalization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fundamental concepts of modern society need re-examination according to the content?

<p>A comprehensive range including power, state, and justice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the current state of social sciences?

<p>They risk becoming outdated if unable to adapt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for social science to deal effectively with the new realities of globalization?

<p>A transnational approach considering contemporary issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What transformation is highlighted concerning traditional sociological concepts?

<p>They must be analyzed internationally without national bias. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 're-ethnification' relate to in the context provided?

<p>The revival of ethnic identities amidst global changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of 'globality' refer to?

<p>A growing consciousness of global interconnections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do conflicts arise in the process of finding global solutions?

<p>The uneven experience of global risks leads to conflicting interests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the slogan of the 1970s that contrasts with the sentiment of the new century?

<p>Make love, not war. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a necessary approach for finding global solutions?

<p>Engaging in negotiation and forming contracts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dual outcome do transformation and destruction represent in the political process?

<p>Experimentation and conflict. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do ecological threats play in global risk conflict?

<p>They act as one of several axes of conflict. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main premise of methodological nationalism in social science?

<p>The nation-state as the primary framework for understanding society and politics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to arise as a result of the quest for global solutions?

<p>Formation of global institutions and regulations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of study heavily relies on methodological nationalism according to the content?

<p>Comparative analyses of societies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of the unequal experience of global risks?

<p>Perception of shared destiny among all inhabitants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the critique of methodological nationalism indicate about the future of nation-states?

<p>Nation-states will continue to exist or evolve into transnational states. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does methodological nationalism affect empirical research?

<p>It restricts indicators to national frameworks almost exclusively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of social sciences does methodological nationalism primarily not address?

<p>Socio-political conflicts originating outside the nation-state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about transdisciplinary reflexes associated with globalization?

<p>They can be interpreted as responses linked to methodological nationalism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a purely empirical refutation of methodological nationalism considered difficult?

<p>Many statistical categories inherently rely on it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stated about the theoretical reassessment of methodological nationalism?

<p>It is crucial for future developments in social science. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle is partially replacing private insurance in the context of terrorist risks?

<p>Public insurance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the character of the ‘transnational terrorist enemy’?

<p>Individuals or groups, but not states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the discussion, who holds the power to define the identity of a ‘transnational terrorist’?

<p>Powerful governments and states (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does President George W. Bush’s alarmism have on Islamic terrorists?

<p>It increases their recognition of power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental distinctions are blurred in the context of terrorist images and responses?

<p>War and peace, attack and self-defence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the world of individual risk interact with the world of systemic risk in a terrorist risk society?

<p>Systemic risk challenges traditional notions of individual risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mention of ‘tens of thousands’ of al-Qaida-trained terrorists imply about perceived threats?

<p>The threat is exaggerated and widespread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is said to legitimize the global intervention of military powers as ‘self-defence’?

<p>Flexible state constructions of terrorist images (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

World Risk Society

Modernization's rapid advancements have created a gap between our ability to quantify risks and the growing unquantifiable insecurities we face.

Colonizing the Future

The idea that we can control future risks through calculation, despite the inherent uncertainty of the future.

Master Narrative of First Modernity

The belief that we can manage and control risks through planning and calculation.

Uncontrollable Risk

The idea that modern advancements like nuclear energy and gene technology generate unpredictable, uncontrollable, and ultimately incommunicable consequences that could threaten life.

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World Risk Society

The theory that the world is entering a new phase marked by a predominance of unquantifiable risks that challenge conventional risk management approaches.

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Manufactured Uncertainty

The belief that the world is not inherently dangerous, but that modern advancements have created new, unanticipated risks.

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Calculating Risks

Modern society's belief that it can control risks through calculation and planning, which can be seen as a form of 'colonialism' of the future.

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Human-Made Risks

The concept that risks are not simply inherent but are created through modern advancements and actions.

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Spatial Dimension of Risk

Risks affecting everyone, regardless of national boundaries, due to their global impact.

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Temporal Dimension of Risk

Risks with long-term consequences that extend beyond conventional risk management timelines.

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Social Dimension of Risk

Risks arising from interconnected actions, making it challenging to assign responsibility for outcomes.

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Ecological Conflicts

Conflicts arising from global environmental issues.

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Global Financial Crises

Global financial crises that initially appear localized but escalate to impact the entire world.

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Feigning Control

The process of attempting to manage uncontrollable risks, often through political, legal, scientific, and technological means.

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Globality

The recognition that interconnected global issues require collaborative solutions.

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Global Risk Conflicts

Contests or disagreements emerging from uneven distribution and experiences of global risks.

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Community of Fate

The idea that populations share a common fate due to interconnected global risks.

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Make Law, Not War

The idea that global issues require international law and regulation to address them effectively.

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Transnational Risk Communities

The idea that global risks necessitate the creation of new institutions and regulations to manage them.

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Global Risk Transformation

The process of global risks transforming local cultures and challenging existing institutions.

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Political Experimentation

The constant need to experiment with new solutions to address global risks.

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Globalized Financial Risks

The concept that globalized financial markets are another source of global risk conflicts.

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Terrorist Enemy Images

The idea that powerful states use the idea of a ‘transnational terrorist enemy’ to justify their global interventions, blurring the lines between war and peace.

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State Hegemony & Terrorism

The process of using the threat of terrorism to expand the power and influence of states, often through global military interventions.

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State Insurance vs Private Insurance

The idea that the principle of private insurance is being replaced by the principle of state insurance, particularly in the context of risks that are too large for private insurers to manage, such as terrorism.

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Individual Risk vs Systemic Risk

The shift from individual risk assessment to understanding systemic risk, where risks stem from large-scale interconnected factors.

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Methodological Nationalism

The assumption that the nation-state is the primary unit of analysis for understanding society and politics.

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Nation-state Outlook

The tendency for social science research to prioritize national-level data and analysis.

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National Statistical Indicators

The reliance on national statistics and indicators as the main sources of information in social science research.

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Refutation of Methodological Nationalism

The challenge of critically examining and moving beyond the assumptions of methodological nationalism.

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Methodological Nationalism in Globalization Debates

The argument that many contemporary debates about globalization are influenced by the underlying assumptions of methodological nationalism.

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Reassessment of Methodological Nationalism

The need to re-evaluate methodological nationalism, considering its limitations and the potential for alternative frameworks.

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Critique of Methodological Nationalism ≠ End of Nation-State

The critical examination of methodological nationalism should not be interpreted as an argument for the end of the nation-state.

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Transnational States

The transformation of national boundaries and the emergence of transnational states as a result of globalization and interconnectedness.

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De-nationalization

The erosion of national boundaries and the increasing interconnectedness of societies, leading to a new global reality.

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Reconceptualizing Social Concepts

The process of adapting and redefining traditional social concepts and structures (like family, power, or law) to address the challenges of the de-nationalized world.

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Transnational Science

The need to create new institutions and approaches to manage global risks and promote cooperation.

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Ambivalent Transitional Coexistence

The idea that the world is facing a mix of competing forces, including nationalism and cosmopolitanism, creating a complex and evolving landscape.

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Social Science Re-establishment

The need for social science to evolve and address the complexities of the de-nationalized world by studying new realities and developing new methods.

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Study Notes

The Terrorist Threat - World Risk Society Revisited

  • 9/11 represents a collapse in language, making it difficult to conceptualize the attack.
  • The attack was not a war, crime, or terrorism in a traditional sense.
  • The event's complexity has no satisfying simple explanation.
  • The collapse in language is a fundamental aspect of living in a "world risk society" in the 21st century.

World Risk Society

  • World Risk Society encompasses complex and interconnected global risks.
  • Examples include: Chernobyl, global warming, mad cow disease, the debate about the human genome, the Asian financial crisis, and the 9/11 attacks.
  • These risks share characteristics of being global, unpredictable, uncontrollable, and difficult to define using traditional measures.
  • Risks often transcend national boundaries and affect diverse populations and systems globally.

Politics of World Risk Society

  • The politics of world risk society is profoundly impacted by the terrorist threat, creating new types of conflicts and dynamics.
  • Uncontrollable risks are difficult to attribute to specific individuals, groups, or nations, challenging conventional notions of blame and responsibility.
  • The dissolution of trust, combined with risk perceptions, causes a cascading effect, making further risks more likely.
  • Global risks necessitate new forms of international cooperation to address such issues.

Methodological Consequences

  • Methodological nationalism in social sciences has largely focused on nation-states and their internal dynamics.
  • However, world risk society challenges this concept by highlighting the de-territorialized nature of certain risks .
  • Social scientists must move toward a cosmopolitan perspective that recognizes global interconnectedness in studying political, social, and economic issues
  • Traditional social science frameworks focused on states, but new global risks require a new framework.

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