Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the minimum percentage of surface antigens required to meet the ISCT criteria for MSCs?

≥ 99%

≥ 100%

≥ 95% (correct)

≥ 90%

What is a characteristic of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)?

High plasticity

Immune privileged

High immunogenic

Multipotent (correct)

Where can Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) be found?

In the capillary and adventitia of blood vessels (correct)

Only in peripheral blood

Only in umbilical cord blood

Only in adult bone marrow

What is a characteristic of Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) cells?

Lower T-lymphocyte population Signup and view all the answers

During embryogenesis, where do HSCs and MSCs migrate to from the yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros?

Placenta and then back to the fetal liver and bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells?

Ectomesenchyme Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)?

Higher proliferative potential than BM-MSCs Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells?

Heterogeneous population Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of dental stem cell?

Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Cancer Stem Cells?

Tumorigenic Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of embryonic stem cells?

They are pluripotent and can give rise to all types of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the capability of progenitor cells?

Differentiation into multiple cell lines but not self-renewal Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)?

They are genetically modified adult cells to resemble embryonic-like stem cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of multipotent stem cells?

They are capable of differentiating into multiple but limited number of cell lines. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the capability of stem cells to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers?

Pluripotency Signup and view all the answers

What are the four Yamanaka factors that are highly expressed in ESCs?

Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells?

Adult stem cells are multipotent, while embryonic stem cells are pluripotent Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of hematopoietic stem cells?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells?

They are multipotent and have trophic support functions Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of mesenchymal stem cells?

Trophic support Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stem Cells

Unspecialized cells with the capacity for self-renewal, asymmetric division, and transformation into other mature cell types (potency)
Classifications:
- Embryonic stem cells (pluripotent, can give rise to all cells in the body)
- Adult stem cells (multipotent, limited to specific cell types)
- Progenitor cells (step between stem cells and specialized cells, capable of differentiation but not self-renewal)

Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells

First isolated from Wharton's jelly
Mesodermal origin
Higher proliferative potential and differentiation potential compared to Bone Marrow-MSCs
Lower number compared to Bone Marrow-MSCs
Lack of apparent tumorigenicity
High immunomodulatory activity
Telomerase activity

Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells

Likely released from fetal amniotic membrane, embryonic skin, digestive tract, and respiratory and urogenital systems
Heterogeneous population
Markers: OCT4, SSEA4, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105
Differentiation into all 3 germ layers
MSC features
Potent paracrine effects
High proliferation rate
Non-tumorigenic

Stem Cells of Dental Origin

Locations: 3rd molar, incisors, deciduous
Origin: Ectomesenchyme, neural crest
High neural regenerative potential
Neurotrophic factor secretion
Types:
- Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC)
- Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED)
- Stem Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAP)
- Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs)
- Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs)
- Gingival fibroblast stem cells (GFSCs)
- Alveolar bone marrow-derived stem cells (ABMSCs)

Cancer Stem Cells

Tumorigenic
Component of non-solid and solid tumors
Solid tumor CSC discovery in glioma (2002)
Similar characteristics to normal stem cells
Self-renewal
Stem cell markers

Embryonic Stem Cells

Pluripotent
Derived from the inner cell mass of developing blastocysts
Self-renewal in-vivo and in-vitro
Markers: OCT3/4, Nanog, Sox2, SSEA4, TRA1-81, TRA1-60
Gives rise to cells from all 3 germ layers
Teratoma formation: capability to differentiate into all three germ layers spontaneously in vivo
Immortal in vitro
First isolated by Thomson and Jones in 1998

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

Genetically modified adult cells to resemble embryonic-like stem cells
May substitute for ESCs
Discovered in 2006 by Prof. Yamanaka and Takahashi, Nobel Prize
Potential for mutagenesis
Yamanaka factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc
Highly expressed in ESCs
Developmental signaling network of ESCs
Determinant of ESC pluripotency

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton's jelly in the umbilical cord. It discusses their origin, telomerase activity, and proliferative potential.