Perinatal Stem Cells Overview Part 2
24 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following methods is NOT used for isolating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)?

  • Chemical synthesis (correct)
  • Enzymatic digestion
  • Direct explant culture
  • Cryopreservation

    • Cryopreservation involves freezing tissue at room temperature.

    False

    What role does DMSO play in the cryopreservation of cells?

    DMSO prevents the formation of intracellular ice crystals, preserving cell viability.

    The mesenchymal markers include CD73, CD90, CD105, and ______.

    <p>CD166</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fluid is derived from the amnion membrane?

    <p>Amniotic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>CD45 = Hematopoietic marker Oct4 = Pluripotency marker DMSO = Cryopreservation agent AFSCs = Multipotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amniotic fluid serves primarily as a source of nutrition for the fetus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one function of amniotic fluid.

    <p>Acts as a protective cushion for the fetus against mechanical injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are UC-MSCs primarily isolated from?

    <p>Wharton's jelly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    UC-MSCs have a high immunogenicity, making them unsuitable for allogeneic transplantation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key benefits of harvesting UC-MSCs?

    <p>No harm to mother or baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    UC-MSCs are capable of differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and __________.

    <p>adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics of UC-MSCs with their descriptions:

    <p>Multipotency = Can differentiate into multiple cell types Immunomodulatory Effects = Modulates immune response and promotes tissue repair High Proliferative Capacity = Can maintain function over many passages Molecular Markers = CD45 and CD34 are negative indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a positive marker for UC-MSCs?

    <p>Oct4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    UC-MSCs can be effectively harvested from the umbilical cord using invasive procedures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What segment length of the umbilical cord is typically harvested for UC-MSC isolation?

    <p>10–20 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with Amniotic Epithelial Cells (AECs)?

    <p>Fibroblast-like morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amniotic fluid can cause harm to the mother during collection procedures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are obtained from the amnion membrane?

    <p>Amnion-derived stem cells (ADSCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells are cultured in growth media containing essential __________ for expansion.

    <p>growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stem cell types to their applications:

    <p>Amniotic Epithelial Cells (AECs) = Enhance tissue repair Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) = Aid in regeneration of skeletal tissues Chorion-derived MSCs = Similar properties to amnion-derived MSCs ADSCs = Used in immunotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is involved in isolating amniotic cells?

    <p>Enzymatic digestion and centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both AECs and MSCs are multipotent and can differentiate into various cell types.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are particularly valuable for __________ and immune modulation.

    <p>tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Perinatal Stem Cells (Part 2)

    • Perinatal stem cells are derived from umbilical cord tissue, amniotic fluid, and amniotic-derived sources.

    Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSCs)

    • UC-MSCs are multipotent stem cells.
    • They are primarily isolated from Wharton's jelly and the perivascular regions of the umbilical cord.
    • They are easily and non-invasively isolated.

    Properties of UC-MSCs

    • Ease of Isolation: UC-MSCs are efficiently isolated from the umbilical cord, a readily available and non-invasive source.
    • Reduced Ethical Concerns: Harvesting UC-MSCs does not harm the mother or baby and avoids ethical issues related to embryonic stem cells.
    • Multipotency: UC-MSCs can differentiate into various cell types, including osteocytes (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), and adipocytes (fat cells).
    • Immunomodulatory Effects: UC-MSCs modulate the immune system by releasing cytokines and growth factors that suppress inflammation and promote tissue repair. Their low immunogenicity makes them suitable for allogeneic transplantation.
    • High Proliferative Capacity: UC-MSCs exhibit robust expansion potential, maintain viability and function for up to 30 passages, enabling large-scale production for therapeutic applications.
    • Molecular Markers: Oct4 and Nanog are positive markers essential for maintaining stemness. CD45, CD34, and HLA-DR are negative markers, indicating they are non-hematopoietic and immunoprivileged.

    Collection and Processing of UC-MSCs

    • The umbilical cord (UC) is collected immediately after childbirth (vaginal or cesarean).
    • A 10-20 cm segment is harvested, thoroughly washed with betadine and alcohol, and placed in a sterile container with a buffer solution.
    • The buffer typically includes saline, heparin, albumin, antibiotics, and antifungals to keep the UC viable for processing at a specialized stem cell center for up to 48 hours.

    Isolation Methods for UC-MSCs

    • Enzymatic Digestion: Ringlets are treated with collagenase and/or hyaluronidase to digest the extracellular matrix and release MSCs.
    • Direct Explant Culture: Small fragments of Wharton's jelly (WJ) are cultured directly in growth media. MSCs migrate from the tissue fragments and adhere to the culture surface, facilitating their expansion.

    Cryopreservation of UC-MSCs

    • Ringlets are incubated in a cryopreservation buffer (containing saline, sucrose, and DMSO) for 30 minutes at 4°C.
    • The fragments are then frozen gradually in cryovials at -180°C and transferred to liquid nitrogen dewars for long-term storage.
    • DMSO prevents the formation of intracellular ice crystals, preserving cell viability during freezing.

    Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells (AFSCs)

    • Amniotic fluid is derived from the amnion membrane, originating from the epiblast layer during early embryonic development.
    • The epiblast is a component of the inner cell mass (ICM), giving rise to the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

    Properties of AFSCs

    • Amniotic Fluid Function: Acts as a protective cushion for the fetus and has been historically used for determining fetal sex.
    • Markers:
      • Positive Markers: Mesenchymal markers (CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166) and pluripotency markers (Oct4).
      • Negative Markers: Hematopoietic markers (CD45, CD34) and pluripotency markers (SSEA3, TRA1).
    • Pluripotency Potential: Although not fully pluripotent like embryonic stem cells, AFSCs have higher differentiation potential than adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
    • Multipotency: AFSCs can differentiate into cell types derived from all three germ layers (mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm).
    • Immunomodulatory Effects: AFSCs secrete cytokines and growth factors to regulate immune responses, promote tissue repair, and reduce inflammation.
    • Reduced Ethical Concerns: Amniotic fluid is safely collected during routine prenatal procedures or elective cesarean deliveries, causing no harm to the fetus or mother.
    • Processing and Isolation: Collected fluid is centrifuged to separate cells, then cultured in appropriate growth media to isolate and expand AFSCs for therapeutic applications.

    Amnion-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs)

    • Amnion-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent cells derived from the amnion membrane.
    • They exhibit high proliferative capacity and valuable properties in regenerative medicine and immunotherapy.

    Properties of ADSCs

    • Two Types of Stem Cells: Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
      • AECs have a cobblestone-like appearance in culture.
      • MSCs have a fibroblast-like morphology.
    • Multipotency and Proliferative Capacity: Both AECs and MSCs are multipotent, capable of differentiating into various cell types and exhibiting higher expression of pluripotency markers (Oct4 and SSEA3).

    Collection and Isolation of ADSCs

    • ADSCs are collected from amniotic membranes of the placenta, typically post-delivery.
    • The amniotic membrane is carefully washed, cut into small pieces, digested with enzymes (trypsin and collagenase).
    • Isolated cells are cultured in growth media containing essential growth factors.
    • Once cells reach 70-80% confluency, they are passaged into new culture bottles for expansion.

    Applications

    • Amniotic Epithelial Cells (AECs): Used in regenerative therapies for wound healing and corneal injuries.
    • Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Aid in regeneration and healing of bone, muscle, and cartilage tissues; used in immune modulation (treating autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease).
    • Chorion-derived MSCs: Similar in properties and characteristics to amnion-derived MSCs.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Perinatal Stem Cells Part 2 PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of perinatal stem cells, specifically focusing on umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs). Learn about their properties, ease of isolation, and the ethical considerations surrounding their use. This quiz highlights their potential applications and significance in regenerative medicine.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser