16 Questions
What steps did Umar take to provide effective and speedy justice for the people?
Umar set up an effective system of judicial administration, appointed Qadis at all administrative levels, separated judiciary from the executive, fixed high salaries for Qadis, and appointed judges in sufficient number.
What was Umar's significance in the history of rulers?
Umar was the first ruler in history to separate judiciary from the executive.
How were Qadis chosen for their role in judicial administration?
Qadis were chosen for their integrity and learning in Islamic law.
What measures were taken to prevent bribery among the Qadis?
High salaries were fixed for the Qadis, and wealthy men and men of high social status were appointed as Qadis.
What restrictions were placed on the Qadis in terms of their activities?
The Qadis were not allowed to engage in trade.
What principles did Umar lay down for the administration of justice?
Umar laid down the principle that justice is an important obligation to God and man, and charged the Judicial Officers with the responsibility of discharging this duty.
What principle did Umar emphasize in treating people?
Equality
What did Umar state about the onus of proof?
It lies on the plaintiff
What did Umar allow in the context of compromise?
Compromise is permissible, as long as it does not turn the unlawful into lawful, and the lawful into unlawful.
What advice did Umar give about changing previous decisions?
Nothing should prevent changing previous decisions if after consideration it is felt that the previous decision was incorrect.
How did Umar advise on dealing with questions not found in the Quran or Sunnah?
Ponder over the question, precedents, and analogous cases, and then decide by analogy.
What instruction did Umar provide regarding the fixing of a term for producing witnesses?
A term should be fixed for the person who wants to produce witnesses. If he proves his case, get him his right. Otherwise, the suit should be dismissed.
Who were some of the eminent persons appointed as Qadis during Umar's caliphate?
Zaid bin Thabit, Ka'b-b. Sur al-Azdi, Ibada b. al-Samat, Abdullah b Masud
What were the areas of expertise of Zaid bin Thabit?
Syriac and Hebrew, and civil law
What made Ibada b. al-Samat notable?
He was one of the five men who had memorized the Holy Quran in the lifetime of the Holy Prophet.
Who is considered the Father of the Hanafi law?
Abdullah b Masud
Test your knowledge about Umar's effective system of judicial administration and the separation of judiciary from the executive, all administered according to the principles of Islam.
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