Ultrasound Safety and Thermal Index Quiz

An approximation of tissue temperature rise during scanning, often being twice the projected value.

The duration of the scanning process at a specific location on the body or tissue

Using the lowest possible scan settings for the area needed. Shorten scan time and use lowest settings.

Avoid exceeding 1.0 when possible. Elevated tissue temperature increase that exceeds 4°C is potentially harmful.

Position probe to reduce heating, utilize deeper scans, use pulsed Doppler only when necessary, & prioritize M-mode for fetal heart

A procedure to evaluate amniotic fluid for Alpha-fetoprotein, acetylcholinesterase, and chromosomal analysis, usually performed at 16 weeks using ultrasound guidance.

Used in multiple gestation pregnancies to ensure each sac is tapped only once, allowing for differentiation.

Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation, with potential causes including endocrine factors, anatomical issues, embryonic development failure, and chromosomal abnormalities.

All products of conception are expelled, leaving an empty and healthy uterus.

Some products of conception remain in the uterus, causing thickened/irregular endometrium.

Embryo present but without heartbeat (embryo >5mm).

Pregnancy loss likely to happen, identified by moderate cervical effacement or dilation (>=3mm), bleeding (7+ days), persistent cramping, or membrane rupture.

Possible pregnancy loss with vaginal bleeding and cramping, but the cervix is closed.

No embryo develops within the gestational sac.

Infection of the uterus after an abortion, from non-sterile instruments or retained products.

Fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, typically fallopian tubes.

Simultaneous intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies.

Fluid buildup in the uterine cavity, not a true gestational sac.

Abnormal pregnancy where chorionic villi are swollen but no embryo is present.

Abnormal pregnancy with some normal and some abnormal chorionic villi, and often some embryonic/fetal tissue.

Used to assess fetal development, growth, well-being, and manage abnormal conditions, estimate gestational age, evaluate fetal growth/position, and diagnose conditions like vaginal bleeding, multiple pregnancies, pelvic masses, hydatidiform moles, ectopic pregnancies, and pregnancies with IUDs or uterine abnormalities.

Essential for accurate OB ultrasound interpretation in the first trimester, including LMP (Last Menstrual Period), GPA (Gravida-Para), medications, clinical problems (bleeding, pain), and previous pregnancy issues. Vital to verify a positive pregnancy and determine Beta-hCG levels.

Pregnancy dating starting from conception, used in embryology.

Pregnancy dating starting from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP), used by physicians and sonographers, and accounts for two weeks more than conceptual age.

hCG test that only determines if the hormone is present (e.g., urine pregnancy test).

hCG test that indicates the specific level of hCG in the blood.

1800 mIU/mL hCG level suggests that a gestational sac is likely visible endovaginally.

Levels above normal expectation, suggesting possible incorrect dates or multiple pregnancies or gestational trophoblastic disease.

Levels below normal expectation, suggesting incorrect dates, ectopic pregnancy, or embryonic demise in an intrauterine pregnancy.

Vaginal bleeding before a positive pregnancy test can be normal, but warrants a thorough check for various conditions, especially ectopic pregnancies.

Sonographic visualization of the yolk sac usually predicts intrauterine pregnancies

Measurement of the gestational sac to estimate gestational age in early pregnancy.Calculated in three planes - Length, Width and Height / 3. Adding 30 to this yields gestational age in days.

Visualizing the embryo in an ultrasound.It needs certain MSD (Mean Sac Diameter) in both transvaginal and transabdominal methods.

Measurement from the top of the fetal head to the bottom of the rump, excluding the legs, used for accurate pregnancy dating, mainly accurate up to the 11th week. CRL + 42 = Gestational Age in days

The heart begins beating approximately 35 days after conception or at or around the end of the 5th week in pregnancy. It's essential to see cardiac activity by 6 weeks or CRL >4mm

Approximation of tissue heating during a scan, often twice the projected value.

Using lowest scan settings and shortest scan times to reduce tissue heating.

Keep TI below 1.0; a temperature increase over 4°C is harmful to the fetus.

Positioning the probe, using deeper scans, and prioritizing M-mode (for heart) to reduce fetal heating.

Duration of a scan at a single location; a crucial aspect of thermal index.

A procedure to evaluate amniotic fluid for AFP, acetylcholinesterase, and chromosome analysis.

Ensures each sac is tapped only once, by injecting dye into the first sac and ensuring subsequent fluid is not dyed.

Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks, with various causes.

All products of conception are expelled.Empty uterus.

Some products of conception remain in the uterus.

Embryo present without a heartbeat, retained in the uterus.

Pregnancy likely to end, identified by cervical changes, bleeding, and other symptoms.

Possible pregnancy loss with bleeding but closed cervix.

No embryo develops in the gestational sac; blighted ovum.

Uterine infection after abortion, potentially from non-sterile instruments.

Implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterus, most often in the fallopian tube.

Abnormal pregnancy with swollen chorionic villi but no embryo.

Abnormal pregnancy with some normal and some abnormal chorionic villi and possibly fetal tissue.

Measure of ultrasound beam's potential for cavitation-related effects; lower MI values are preferred.

Simultaneous intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies.

Used to assess fetal development, growth, and well-being, manage abnormal conditions, estimate gestational age, evaluate fetal growth/position, and diagnose conditions like vaginal bleeding, multiple pregnancies, pelvic masses, hydatidiform moles, ectopic pregnancies, and pregnancies with IUDs or uterine abnormalities.

Essential for accurate OB ultrasound interpretation in the first trimester, including LMP (Last Menstrual Period), GPA (Gravida-Para), medications, clinical problems (bleeding, pain), and previous pregnancy issues. Crucial for confirming pregnancy and determining beta-hCG levels.

Pregnancy dating starting from conception, used in embryology.

Pregnancy dating starting from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP), used by physicians and sonographers, and accounts for two weeks more than conceptual age.

hCG test that only determines if the hormone is present (e.g., urine pregnancy test).

hCG test that indicates the specific level of hCG in the blood.

1800 mIU/mL hCG level suggests that a gestational sac is likely visible endovaginally.

Levels above normal expectation, suggesting possible incorrect dates or multiple pregnancies or gestational trophoblastic disease.

Levels below normal expectation, suggesting incorrect dates, ectopic pregnancy, or embryonic demise in an intrauterine pregnancy.

Vaginal bleeding before a positive pregnancy test can be normal, but warrants a thorough check for various conditions, especially ectopic pregnancies.

Sonographic visualization of the yolk sac usually predicts intrauterine pregnancies.

Measurement of the gestational sac to estimate gestational age in early pregnancy; Calculated from Length, Width, and Height(average)

Visualizing the embryo in an ultrasound.

Measurement from the top of the fetal head to the bottom of the rump excluding the legs. It's used for accurate pregnancy dating, mainly accurate up to the 11th week.

Detection of the fetal heart beat in an ultrasound, crucial for normal pregnancy.