79 Questions
What is the frequency range of ultrasound waves?
20000 cycles per second
Which type of ultrasound is inaudible to humans?
A-mode ultrasound
How are ultrasound waves used to scan the body tissues?
By transmitting sound waves in beams
Which part of the body requires more amplification of the ultrasound echoes?
Deep parts within the body
What is needed to amplify the reflected ultrasound pulses detected by the transducer?
Scanner
What is the purpose of 'freezing' the displayed image in real-time ultrasound?
To study and measure the image
Which ultrasound mode displays a wavy line to represent motion?
A-mode ultrasound
What characterizes an anechoic structure in ultrasound terms?
High level of echoes present
What is the function of an 'acoustic window' in ultrasound imaging?
To provide a clear path for ultrasound waves to reach deeper structures
Which term refers to the increased echogenicity of tissues behind a structure with minimal attenuation of ultrasound waves?
Acoustic shadowing
What is the main function of a piezoelectric transducer in ultrasound technology?
Generate ultrasound waves from electrical signals
Which mode of ultrasound displays motion by showing real-time images?
Real-time mode
How are echoes displayed in A-mode ultrasound?
As peaks
What do B-mode ultrasound images primarily show?
Two-dimensional tissue sections
Which component of an ultrasound machine is both a transmitter and receiver of ultrasound?
Transducer
Which of the following signs is important to look at while performing an ultrasound for liver diseases?
Liver surface appearance
What can Ultrasound help in spotting regarding potential liver issues?
Potential Liver lesions
Why is checking the patency of hepatic and portal veins important in Ultrasound?
To verify blood flow in the liver
Which of the following is NOT an indication for using Ultrasound in liver imaging?
Suspected brain tumor
What is the pretest question related to ultrasound of the liver?
What is the ultrasound appearance of a normal liver?
What term describes tissues that create dimmer echoes than adjacent tissues in an ultrasound?
Hypoechogenic
Which term refers to tissues that create brighter echoes than adjacent tissues in an ultrasound?
Hyperechoic
What ultrasound feature arises from reflections of tissues with different densities within an organ?
Internal echoes
Which ultrasound term describes a phenomenon where there is increased brightness in the area behind a cyst due to strong reflections?
Acoustic enhancement
What term describes solid masses within a fluid-filled mass that have varying sizes and shapes with irregular outlines?
Debris
What is the most common imaging method used to screen for liver tumors?
Ultrasonography
What size of liver mass can be effectively identified using ultrasonography?
5 mm
What is the main challenge in liver cirrhosis regarding clinical diagnosis?
Differentiating regenerative nodules from HCC
How do regenerative nodules appear on liver ultrasonography?
Small and hypoechoic
What type of pathology do liver lesions represent?
A wide range of pathology
Which imaging method can effectively differentiate between cystic and solid liver lesions?
Ultrasonography
In ultrasonography, what do regenerative nodules in liver cirrhosis typically look like?
Hypoechoic nodules
What makes ultrasonography a valuable tool for liver tumor screening?
Real-time visualization capabilities
Which imaging modality is best for visualizing motion within the liver?
M-mode ultrasound
What type of ultrasound is helpful in detecting blood flow changes within the liver?
Doppler ultrasound
What is the typical presentation of simple hepatic cysts?
Asymptomatic and discovered incidentally
What percentage of the population is affected by simple hepatic cysts?
~5%
How do simple hepatic cysts typically grow over time?
Slow growth
Which imaging modality can be used to diagnose simple hepatic cysts?
Ultrasound, CT, MRI
What is a key characteristic of simple hepatic cysts in relation to the biliary tree?
Do not communicate with the biliary tree
What is a potential consequence of misdiagnosis in patients who actually require a cholecystectomy?
Delayed treatment with increased morbidity
Which imaging technique is traditionally used as the initial method for evaluating patients with suspected gallbladder disease?
Sonography
What role does CT imaging play in evaluating gallbladder wall thickening?
First to show gallbladder wall thickening
Which technique is described as potentially valuable in the evaluation of gallbladder diseases but currently plays a limited role?
MRI
What is the significance of knowledge about the differential diagnosis of thickened gallbladder walls?
Essential for correct interpretation of the finding
What can cause generalized thickening of the gall bladder wall?
Biliary sludge
In the context of gall bladder issues, what is a differential diagnosis for diffuse gallbladder wall thickening?
Acute cholecystitis
Which condition can lead to obstruction of the common bile duct?
Gallstones
What can result in distended hepatic ducts?
Hepatitis C infection
How is ultrasound imaging beneficial in diagnosing gall bladder issues?
It helps visualize biliary sludge
What can cause thickening of the gallbladder walls on ultrasound imaging?
Carcinoma
In cases of jaundice, which condition is suggested by a distended gallbladder on ultrasound?
Common bile duct obstruction
What is the implication of a small or not distended gallbladder in a jaundiced patient on ultrasound imaging?
Obstruction above the cystic duct
What is the role of ultrasound in differentiating between obstructive and nonobstructive jaundice?
Measuring common bile duct diameter
What is a possible explanation for a non-distended or very small gallbladder in a jaundiced patient on ultrasound?
Common bile duct obstruction
What is a common misconception regarding the thickening of the gallbladder wall?
It is always indicative of primary gallbladder disease.
What is a common challenge in diagnosing diffuse gallbladder wall thickening?
It can be found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
What condition may cause distended hepatic ducts on an ultrasound imaging study?
Gallbladder in jaundice
Which of the following conditions may lead to a small gallbladder on an ultrasound scan?
Acute cholecystitis
What can a sonographer infer from a finding of gallbladder wall thickening in an asymptomatic patient?
Further investigation is required to determine the underlying cause.
What is the typical thickness of a normal gallbladder wall?
Less than 3 mm
Which condition is NOT associated with generalized thickening of the gallbladder wall?
Hyperplastic cholecystosis
What condition may cause localized thickening of the gallbladder walls?
Mucosal folds
What may mimic pericholecystic fluid at CT imaging?
Subserosal edema
Which imaging finding is indicative of obstruction of the common bile duct?
Dilated portal veins
What are the ultrasound findings of high-risk individuals (HRIs) for pancreatic carcinoma based on the text?
Main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilatation and cysts larger than 5 mm
What is recommended as a scanning maneuver for both screening for pancreatic carcinoma and follow-up of high-risk individuals?
Employing different body positions like right lateral decubitus
Why is visualization of the tail of the pancreas challenging based on the text?
Because of gas and stool in the alimentary tract
Which scanning technique is highly recommended in cases with poor visualization during pancreatic imaging?
Liquid-filled stomach method
What role does Ultrasound play in the diagnosis of gall bladder issues according to the text?
Evaluating gallbladder wall thickening
What is a common cause of calcification in the pancreas?
Chronic pancreatitis
What can be mistaken for pancreatic calcification on ultrasound?
Dilatation of the biliary tract
What is a common finding associated with tumours of the head of the pancreas or ampulla of Vater?
Jaundice and dilatation of the biliary tract
What is a potential consequence of misdiagnosing biliary calculi as pancreatic calcification on ultrasound?
Incorrect assessment of gall bladder wall thickening
What can lead to obstruction of the common bile duct?
Tumour of the head of the pancreas
What is a cause of distended hepatic ducts?
Tumour of the head of the pancreas
Which condition is NOT typically associated with dilatation of the pancreatic duct?
Chronic pancreatitis
What symptom is commonly associated with postoperative strictures following Whipple's operation or partial pancreatectomy?
Jaundice and dilatation of biliary tract
Which finding on ultrasound could be mistaken for calculus in intrapancreatic duct?
Presence of bright discrete echoes without shadowing
Test your knowledge on interpreting ultrasound imaging features such as strong back wall reflections, echoes behind a cyst, and echogenic solid masses with irregular outlines. Learn to identify benign or malignant cysts and hyperechogenic tissues.
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