30 Questions
Where does the most important source of estrogen come from?
Aromatization of androgens in adipose tissue
Why does the ovary not contribute to estrogen production by the aromatization of androgens after menopause?
Loss of granulosa cell function
Why can the adrenal glands alone not produce estrogen after menopause?
The androgens need to be converted in adipose tissue
What are the two parts that compose the endometrium?
Decidua functionalis and decidua basalis
What is the primary function of the theca cells in the ovary?
Produce androgens for conversion to estrogen
What mainly drives the conversion of androgens to estrogen in postmenopausal women?
Peripheral conversion in adipose tissue
What happens if pregnancy occurs?
HCG mimics LH action and the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone.
What happens to the corpus luteum without continued LH stimulation?
It regresses and forms scar-like Corpora Albicans.
What characterizes a corpus luteal cyst?
Thick-walled cyst with peripheral vascularity premenstrually.
How does the menstrual cycle affect progesterone levels?
Progesterone levels decrease post-menstruation and rise again after ovulation.
What is the role of estrogen and progesterone in the absence of pregnancy?
Estrogen and progesterone levels both decrease.
How is the corpus luteum maintained during early pregnancy?
Via high LH levels released by the placenta.
How many hours after the 'Peak' of the 'Upstroke' is ovulation expected?
10-12 hours
What is the most likely mechanism involved in resolving a small thick-walled ovarian cyst with peripheral vascularity?
Increased levels of progesterone
Why was the small ovarian cyst not visible on the follow-up scan?
It resolved due to increased progesterone levels
What is the likely cause of a 32-year-old woman's primary infertility?
Deficient FSH levels
What is the significance of the patient's 24th day of her cycle during the initial examination?
It suggests she is in her luteal phase
What is the purpose of the follow-up scan in this patient?
To monitor the resolution of the cyst
What is the limitation of laparoscopic excision of adenomyomas in treating adenomyosis?
It may not address the broader condition of adenomyosis
What is the main limitation of endometrial ablation in treating adenomyosis?
It may not provide long-term relief for symptoms related to adenomyosis
What is the goal of hormonal therapies in treating adenomyosis?
To regulate or suppress the menstrual cycle
What is a potential drawback of hormonal therapy in treating adenomyosis?
Symptoms may return once hormonal treatment is stopped
What is a common symptom of adenomyosis that hormonal therapy can help alleviate?
Heavy menstrual bleeding
What type of medications are used in hormonal therapy for adenomyosis?
Oral contraceptives, progesterone therapy, and GnRH agonists
What is the role of capacitation during fertilization?
To make spermatozoa able to penetrate the zona and fuse with the egg plasma membrane
Where does capacitation take place?
In the uterus and fallopian tube
What is the purpose of the zona pellucida reaction?
To block polyspermy by hardening the zona pellucida
What is the final stage of spermatogenesis?
Spermiogenesis
What occurs during spermiogenesis?
The condensation of the nucleus and development of the flagellum
What is NOT part of spermiogenesis?
Mitosis
Test your knowledge on ovulation timing and interpreting ovarian cyst ultrasound results in a gynecological setting. Questions cover the hours after the 'Peak' of the 'Upstroke' for ovulation prediction and scenarios of incidental findings during routine check-ups.
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