Ovulation Timing and Ovarian Cyst Ultrasound

Where does the most important source of estrogen come from?

Aromatization of androgens in the theca cells of the ovary
Aromatization of androgens in granulosa cells of the ovary
Adrenal production of estrogens
Aromatization of androgens in adipose tissue (correct)

Why does the ovary not contribute to estrogen production by the aromatization of androgens after menopause?

Loss of granulosa cell function (correct)
Increased ovarian stroma function
Decreased theca cell activity
Enhanced aromatase enzyme activity in the ovaries

Why can the adrenal glands alone not produce estrogen after menopause?

Enhanced aromatization in the adrenal glands
Loss of adrenal stroma function
The androgens need to be converted in adipose tissue (correct)
Increased production of androgens

What are the two parts that compose the endometrium?

Decidua functionalis and decidua basalis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the theca cells in the ovary?

Produce androgens for conversion to estrogen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What mainly drives the conversion of androgens to estrogen in postmenopausal women?

Peripheral conversion in adipose tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if pregnancy occurs?

HCG mimics LH action and the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the corpus luteum without continued LH stimulation?

It regresses and forms scar-like Corpora Albicans. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a corpus luteal cyst?

Thick-walled cyst with peripheral vascularity premenstrually. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the menstrual cycle affect progesterone levels?

Progesterone levels decrease post-menstruation and rise again after ovulation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of estrogen and progesterone in the absence of pregnancy?

Estrogen and progesterone levels both decrease. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is the corpus luteum maintained during early pregnancy?

Via high LH levels released by the placenta. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many hours after the 'Peak' of the 'Upstroke' is ovulation expected?

10-12 hours (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely mechanism involved in resolving a small thick-walled ovarian cyst with peripheral vascularity?

Increased levels of progesterone (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why was the small ovarian cyst not visible on the follow-up scan?

It resolved due to increased progesterone levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of a 32-year-old woman's primary infertility?

Deficient FSH levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the patient's 24th day of her cycle during the initial examination?

It suggests she is in her luteal phase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the follow-up scan in this patient?

To monitor the resolution of the cyst (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of laparoscopic excision of adenomyomas in treating adenomyosis?

It may not address the broader condition of adenomyosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of endometrial ablation in treating adenomyosis?

It may not provide long-term relief for symptoms related to adenomyosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of hormonal therapies in treating adenomyosis?

To regulate or suppress the menstrual cycle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of hormonal therapy in treating adenomyosis?

Symptoms may return once hormonal treatment is stopped (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of adenomyosis that hormonal therapy can help alleviate?

Heavy menstrual bleeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of medications are used in hormonal therapy for adenomyosis?

Oral contraceptives, progesterone therapy, and GnRH agonists (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of capacitation during fertilization?

To make spermatozoa able to penetrate the zona and fuse with the egg plasma membrane (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does capacitation take place?

In the uterus and fallopian tube (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the zona pellucida reaction?

To block polyspermy by hardening the zona pellucida (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of spermatogenesis?

Spermiogenesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during spermiogenesis?

The condensation of the nucleus and development of the flagellum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT part of spermiogenesis?

Mitosis (D) Signup and view all the answers