Ultrasound Imaging Anatomy Quiz

Study Notes

Coronal planes divide the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
Transverse planes split the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections.
Sagittal planes divide the body into right and left sections.
The scanning direction in a coronal plane can be either anterior or posterior.
Transverse scanning allows entry from multiple directions: anterior, posterior, right lateral, or left lateral.
Sagittal scanning uses anterior, posterior, or medial direction.
Coronal planes do not show lateral and medial structures.
Transverse planes miss superior and inferior structures.
Sagittal planes do not visualize anterior and posterior areas.
The structure’s anatomy dictates the choice of transducer frequency.
Positioning the area of interest in the transducer's field is vital for optimal imaging.
Sonography planes align with standard anatomical body planes.
Oblique scanning offers an extended view of anatomical structures.
Accurate measurements are critical for assessing changes in organ size and determining the need for follow-up.

The abdominal aorta is split into suprarenal (above the renal arteries) and infrarenal (below the renal arteries) sections.
Aorta bifurcates into common iliac arteries.
Confusion with the aorta can occur with structures like loops of bowel or the IVC (Inferior Vena Cava).
Standard patient preparation for aorta ultrasound is NPO for 8 to 12 hours.
If a 5-cm aortic aneurysm is found, immediate medical consultation is necessary.
An aortic aneurysm is suspected if the aorta exceeds 3 cm.
Most aneurysms are found infrarenal, between the renal arteries and bifurcation.
Aortic dimensions are best measured in the sagittal plane.
Transverse measurements are ideal for assessing width.
The distal abdominal aorta lies between the renal arteries and bifurcation.
Best measurement technique is outer to inner walls with cursors perpendicular to aorta walls.
Measurements are taken at proximal, mid, and distal aorta.

The IVC is positioned posterior to the aorta.
It is formed from the junction of common iliac veins.
Diameter of the IVC increases during inspiration.
The IVC directly receives blood from the left renal vein but not the splenic vein or portal vein.
It collects unoxygenated blood from organs including the intestines and reproductive systems.
The hepatic veins allow portal blood to enter the IVC.
The left renal vein is anterior while the right renal vein is posterior to the IVC.
Color Doppler assessments in the IVC help in evaluating thrombus presence.

Normal liver size ranges from 13 to 15 cm.
The liver is surrounded by Glisson's capsule.
Post-birth, the umbilical vein atrophies to become the ligamentum teres.
The liver is classified into eight segments by Couinaud's system.
Blood supply includes hepatic artery and portal vein.
The portal triad includes a branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct.
Liver echogenicity is greater than that of the renal cortex and pancreas.
A normal liver appears homogeneous with a finely lobulated contour.

The gallbladder's fundus can extend beyond the liver border.
Cystic duct's spiral folds are known as the valves of Heister.
The gallbladder wall should measure less than 3 mm for normalcy.
The most inferior part of the pancreas is the head, while the tail is the most superior.
The common bile duct (CBD) runs posteromedial through the pancreas.
Anterior structures include the pancreatic head.

Kidneys and adrenal glands are encapsulated in Gerota’s fascia.
Normal adult kidney length averages 9 to 12 cm.
Renal variants may cause increased space between renal pyramids.
The average renal cortex thickness is around 4 to 6 mm.
Hydronephrosis assessment should always accompany examinations of mass in adjacent structures.
Bilateral ureteral jets typically indicate normal function.
The best position for ultrasound examination is supine or decubitus.

Normal adult spleen measures between 12 to 14 cm.
Accessory spleens can be confused with tumors and may cause localized pain.
The spleen is an intraperitoneal organ, essential for immune function.
Normal thyroid gland echogenicity is hyperechoic compared to adjacent neck muscles, demonstrating healthy function.
The thyroid is bordered laterally by the common carotid artery and lies anterior to the trachea.

Measurements in ultrasound are crucial for determining structure sizes, maintaining patient health, and providing accurate diagnoses.
Techniques should prioritize optimal angles and patient positions to enhance clarity and diagnostic effectiveness.