Human Anatomy Ultrasound Quiz

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Questions and Answers

The splenic vein drains into the?

IVC

Left renal vein

Inferior mesenteric vein

Portal vein (correct)

The patient prep for a sonogram of the spleen is?

NPO after midnight (correct)

No prep is required

Clear liquids after midnight

Essential medications only with a tiny sip of water

The formula to determine the volume of the spleen is?

l w h 2

l w h 5

l w h pi (correct)

l w h 0.5

What do the numbers 9 and 11 refer to in the 1 3 5 7 9 11 rule?

These are the ribs at the level of the splenic location Signup and view all the answers

The spleen is more echogenic than the?

Liver and renal cortex Signup and view all the answers

The normal thyroid gland is?

Homogeneous, has mid-gray echogenicity, and is hyperechoic to the adjacent neck muscles Signup and view all the answers

The lobes of the thyroid are connected by the?

Isthmus Signup and view all the answers

The longus colli muscle is located?

Posterior to the thyroid lobe Signup and view all the answers

The best patient position to scan the thyroid gland is supine with the?

Head turned away and the chin down Signup and view all the answers

The thyroid gland is?

An endocrine gland Signup and view all the answers

The lobes of the thyroid gland are bordered laterally by the?

Common carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

The thyroid gland is ________ relative to the strap muscles.

hypoechoic Signup and view all the answers

The thyroid gland is located?

Medial to the trachea and superior to the cricoid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

The thyroid gland is located in level?

VI Signup and view all the answers

A sonographic characteristic of Graves’ disease is?

Thyroid inferno Signup and view all the answers

The boundary between levels I and II is the?

Anterior edge of the hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the patient’s head while performing a neck mapping?

Tilted to the side being examined Signup and view all the answers

What structure is used to separate the central neck from the lateral neck?

Sternocleidomastoid muscles Signup and view all the answers

The sonographic appearance of a normal lymph node is?

Oval with a fatty hilum Signup and view all the answers

The patient position for a thyroid ultrasound study is?

With a pillow under the patient’s shoulders so that the neck can be hyperextended Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomical Planes in Ultrasound

Coronal planes divide the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Transverse planes divide the body into superior and inferior sections.
Sagittal planes divide the body into left and right sections.

Ultrasound Scanning Directions

In coronal scans, the ultrasound beam can enter from anterior or posterior.
Transverse scans allow entry from anterior, posterior, or lateral sides.
Sagittal scans can enter anterior or posterior, as well as right or left lateral.

Anatomy Views in Planes

Areas not visible in the coronal plane include superior and inferior.
Areas not visible in the transverse plane are anterior and posterior.
Areas not visible in the sagittal plane include lateral.

Factors Influencing Ultrasound

The type of structure being imaged determines the transducer frequency.
Positioning the area of interest optimally in the transducer enhances image quality.

Aortic Anatomy and Measurements

The abdominal aorta is divided into suprarenal and infrarenal sections.
The aorta bifurcates into common iliac arteries.
A suspected aortic aneurysm occurs when the aorta exceeds 3 cm in diameter.
Most aneurysms occur infrarenally, between the diaphragm and SMA.

Renal and IVC Anatomy

The IVC lies posterior to the aorta.
Common iliac veins join to form the IVC.
The IVC receives unoxygenated blood from organs like the intestines and spleen.
The left renal vein drains blood from the spleen, adrenal gland, and left testicular vein.

Liver Anatomy and Measurements

The liver measures 13 to 15 cm in length.
The normal liver appears more echogenic than the renal cortex and renal sinus.
The liver is divided into eight segments according to Couinaud's classification.

Gallbladder Structure and Function

The gallbladder wall should measure less than 3 mm.
The common bile and pancreatic ducts empty into the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater.
Gallbladder examinations often require supine and right lateral decubitus positions.

Pancreatic Structure and Measurements

The pancreas head is the most inferior part of the pancreas.
The pancreatic duct should measure 2 to 3 mm in diameter.
The acinar cells produce pancreatic enzymes crucial for digestion.

Kidney Anatomy and Variants

The kidneys are located in the perirenal space, surrounded by Gerota's fascia.
The normal adult kidney measures 9 to 12 cm in length.
Variants such as prominent columns of Bertin and extrarenal pelvis may affect kidney appearance.

Spleen Anatomy and Health

The average spleen length is 12 to 14 cm and is intraperitoneal in location.
The splenic artery is a branch of the celiac axis, supplying blood to the spleen.
Accessory spleens can be confused with tumors due to similar echogenicity.

Thyroid Anatomy

The thyroid gland typically appears homogeneous, mid-gray, and hyperechoic compared to adjacent neck muscles.
It is an endocrine gland connected by the isthmus.

General Assessment Procedures

Accurate measurements are critical for assessing changes in size over time.
Color Doppler may be used to investigate irregularities on organ surfaces, like the kidney.
Patient prep guidelines vary by the specific ultrasound examination being performed.

Clinical Implications

Detecting conditions such as aortic aneurysms or renal masses relies on proper imaging and measurement techniques.
Comprehensive evaluations require correlating abnormalities in one organ with potential impacts on neighboring structures.### Thyroid Gland Anatomy
Thyroid lobes are bordered laterally by the common carotid artery.
The gland is positioned anterior to the trachea and posterior to the larynx.
It is located medial to the trachea and superior to the cricoid cartilage.

Thyroid Gland Characteristics

The thyroid gland appears hypoechoic relative to the strap muscles.
It is situated at level VI in the neck.

Sonographic Indicators

A characteristic of Graves’ disease includes a thyroid inferno on sonographic examination.
Normal lymph nodes appear oval and homogenous with a fatty hilum.

Neck Mapping and Patient Position

During neck mapping, the patient's head should be tilted toward the side being examined.
To differentiate central neck from lateral neck, strap muscles serve as a separator.
For a thyroid ultrasound study, the patient should lie supine with a pillow under the shoulders to allow for neck hyperextension.

Anatomical Boundaries

The boundary between levels I and II is indicated by the anterior edge of the hyoid bone.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomical planes used in ultrasound imaging, including coronal and transverse planes. Answer questions about how these planes divide the body and the directions from which the ultrasound beam enters. Ideal for students studying anatomy and medical imaging techniques.