UK Labour Market Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of zero-hours contracts?

  • They require workers to accept all work offered without exception.
  • They specify a set number of hours that can be worked.
  • They guarantee a minimum number of working hours each week.
  • They do not obligate the employer to provide work at any time. (correct)
  • What significant recommendation was made by the Taylor Review regarding zero-hours contracts?

  • Workers should have the right to flexible working after 26 weeks. (correct)
  • Employers must provide guaranteed hours to all workers.
  • Workers should be paid a flat rate regardless of hours worked.
  • Workers should be classified as full-time employees automatically.
  • Which of the following is NOT categorized as an atypical worker?

  • Fixed-term workers
  • Agency workers
  • Part-time workers
  • Permanent full-time workers (correct)
  • In assessing employment status, which factor should receive more focus according to the Taylor Review?

    <p>Control exerted by the employer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge do zero-hours contracts often pose for employees?

    <p>Uncertainty in receiving work and income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Workers (Predictable Terms and Conditions) Act 2023 aims to address issues for which type of workers?

    <p>Workers on zero-hours contracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the criteria for assessing a worker's status is true?

    <p>There is a need for clearer distinctions between employee and worker statuses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case exemplifies why a tribunal may investigate the employment status of zero-hours workers more thoroughly?

    <p><em>Pulse Healthcare v Carewatch Ltd</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines working time for an employee?

    <p>Any period while the employee is at the employer's disposal and performing duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum average working time allowed over a reference period of 17 weeks?

    <p>48 hours per week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an excluded day?

    <p>Public holiday</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the reference period for calculating average working time be extended?

    <p>To a maximum of 52 weeks but no further</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate average working time?

    <p>(A + B) / C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals may be considered 'employees' under working time regulations?

    <p>Individuals working under contracts of service or apprenticeship, including freelancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary responsibility do employers have regarding workers' health and safety?

    <p>To take reasonable steps to protect workers' health and safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes an employee being at the employer's disposal?

    <p>When the employee is required to follow employer instructions and perform duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the UK workforce is self-employed?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a criterion for determining employee status?

    <p>Length of contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of Autoclenz v Belcher, what was a key factor that influenced the court's ruling?

    <p>The actual working conditions and practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does mutuality of obligation imply in an employment context?

    <p>The employer must provide work, and the employee must accept it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case established that Uber drivers are classified as workers, entitled to minimum wage?

    <p>Aslam v Uber BV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term gig economy refer to?

    <p>Short-term contracts and freelance work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical outcome of misclassifying workers as self-employed instead of employees?

    <p>Loss of access to employee benefits and minimum wage rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about 'sham contracts' is accurate?

    <p>They do not reflect the actual working relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common misconception exists regarding workers and employees?

    <p>All employees are also classified as workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'personal service' relevant in determining employment status?

    <p>It indicates whether the worker must personally perform the services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    UK Labour Market

    • 63% of workers are full-time employees, but the market is shifting towards more flexible work
    • 26% of workers are part-time, and 15% are self-employed
    • A growing variety of employment statuses are present

    Employment Status

    • Employee, worker, and self-employed are different categories of employment status.
    • All employees are workers, but not all workers are employees.
    • Employment status is important because it affects the rights and responsibilities of both the employee and the employer.

    Employment Status: Why it Matters

    • Rights such as statutory sick pay, national minimum wage, and paid annual leave are dependent on employment status.
    • Workers, unlike employees, don't always have these entitlements.
    • Issues arise concerning employment status when a business categorises an employee as an employee, but they are actually just a worker.

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    Description

    Explore the current landscape of the UK labour market, focusing on employment statuses. Understand the distinctions between employees, workers, and self-employed individuals and the implications of these classifications on rights and responsibilities.

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