UI Design Principles and Testing Methods
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following UI design errors can lead to frustration and difficulty in navigating the system?

  • Lack of consistency
  • High memorization demand for users
  • No guidance/help available
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the primary goal of good UI design?

  • To ensure the software is easy to use and understand (correct)
  • To minimize the number of clicks needed to complete a task
  • To provide advanced features for expert users
  • To make the software visually appealing

    • Why is it important to avoid forcing users into unnecessary actions in UI design?

  • It can make the software difficult to learn.
  • It can increase the number of steps required to complete a task.
  • It can lead to errors and frustration. (correct)
  • It can make the software appear less sophisticated.

    • Which of the following UI design principles emphasizes providing users with intuitive shortcuts?

    <p>Reduce the user's memory load (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using real-world metaphors in the visual layout of a user interface?

    <p>It can help users understand the interface more easily. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects is NOT considered essential for UI design analysis?

    <p>Programming language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of maintaining consistency across applications?

    <p>It can make the applications easier to learn and use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a golden rule of UI design?

    <p>Ensure maximum security (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Recovery Testing?

    <p>To test the system's ability to recover from failures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a main task of Software Configuration Management (SCM)?

    <p>System Testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which testing type is most closely aligned with the concept of unit testing in object-oriented programming?

    <p>Class Testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Functional Baseline in Software Configuration Management?

    <p>To document the requirements of the software. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of testing specifically focuses on a single user story or workflow within an application?

    <p>Use-Based Testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the First Law of SCM, what is a constant throughout the software life cycle?

    <p>The desire to change the software. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between control and risk in software development?

    <p>There is an inverse relationship between control and risk. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key area of testing in mobile app development?

    <p>Component Testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Testing-in-the-Wild' refer to in mobile app testing?

    <p>Testing on a wide range of devices in real-world user conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the complexity of SCM generally higher towards the end of software development?

    <p>There are more dependencies and interconnections among software components. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Certification Testing important for mobile apps?

    <p>To meet the distribution platform standards like Google Play and App Store. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of software change is driven by feedback from users regarding usability improvements?

    <p>User Requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a SCM repository?

    <p>To store and track different versions of software files. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which testing type primarily focuses on the ease of use and intuitive design of a website or application for diverse users?

    <p>Usability Testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in web application testing?

    <p>Conducting stress tests on the server infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of a SCM repository?

    <p>System Integration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of native apps compared to web apps?

    <p>They offer better performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the 3-Tier Architecture is responsible for handling data transactions?

    <p>Data Layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common design mistake in mobile app design?

    <p>Inconsistent branding elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized during mobile app design to enhance user experience?

    <p>Clear labels and simple navigation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps is not part of the mobile app development process?

    <p>Market Analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when designing for multiple platforms?

    <p>Support for various hardware and software configurations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of mobile apps is primarily due to hardware constraints?

    <p>Limited functionality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mobile app design, which practice aids in understanding the target audience?

    <p>Keeping the interface intuitive and functional. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that a module should be open for extension but closed for modification?

    <p>Open-Closed Principle (OCP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cohesion measure in design?

    <p>How well a module focuses on a single purpose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of cohesion?

    <p>Structural Cohesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Dependency Inversion Principle, what should dependencies be based on?

    <p>Abstract interfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a key UI concern?

    <p>Error handling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the focus of a component according to the Common Closure Principle?

    <p>Classes that change together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of interfaces in design?

    <p>To establish communication and collaboration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design principle emphasizes using many client-specific interfaces rather than one general-purpose interface?

    <p>Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the Change Control Process?

    <p>Recognize Need for Change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of software maintenance involves fixing reported defects?

    <p>Corrective Maintenance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of maintainable software?

    <p>Effective Modularity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the software development life cycle does software maintenance occur?

    <p>After Deployment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a goal of software reverse engineering?

    <p>To understand existing system functionality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a common problem in software maintenance due to a lack of documentation?

    <p>Hard to understand old code (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does software reengineering primarily focus on?

    <p>Improving and restructuring existing software (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of maintenance deals with modifying software to work in new environments?

    <p>Adaptive Maintenance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    User Interface Design

    The process of creating interfaces that users find easy to use and interact with.

    Good Design Model

    A model comprising data/class design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design.

    Characteristics of Good Interface Design

    Attributes of an interface that make it easy to use, understand, and learn.

    Common UI Design Errors

    Frequent mistakes in UI that hinder user experience, such as lack of consistency and poor guidance.

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    Golden Rules of UI Design

    Principles for good UI design including user control, reducing memory load, and maintaining consistency.

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    User Control

    Giving users autonomy in their interactions and preventing forced actions.

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    Reduce Memory Load

    Minimizing the information users must remember to operate efficiently.

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    Interface Analysis

    The examination of end-users, tasks, content, and environment essential for effective UI design.

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    UI Response Time

    The time taken for a user interface to respond to user actions.

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    Help Facilities

    Support tools that assist users in completing tasks or resolving issues.

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    Error Handling

    Methods for managing errors and issues in software.

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    Component

    A modular part of a system that encapsulates implementation and exposes interfaces.

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    Open-Closed Principle (OCP)

    Modules should be open for extension but closed for modification.

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    Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)

    Subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes without altering functionality.

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    Cohesion in Design

    A measure of how closely related and focused the functions of a module are.

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    Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)

    Prefer many client-specific interfaces to one general-purpose interface.

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    Mobile Apps

    Software designed specifically for mobile devices like smartphones and tablets.

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    Native Apps

    Apps built for specific platforms, offering better performance and quality standards.

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    Web Apps

    Applications run in browsers using HTML5 or CSS and require an internet connection.

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    Mobile App Architecture

    Structured in a 3-Tier Architecture: Presentation, Application, and Data layers.

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    UI Design Considerations

    Focus on consistent branding and optimizing user flows for performance.

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    Common Design Mistakes

    Errors like overloading features, inconsistency, overdesigning, and slow performance.

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    Mobile App Development Steps

    Includes formulation, planning, analysis, engineering, testing, and user evaluation.

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    Best Practices in Mobile App Design

    Understand the audience, keep interfaces intuitive, and use platform advantages.

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    Monitoring Activities

    Steps to assess project performance and progress.

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    Feedback Loop in Monitoring

    Process of planning, action, measurement, and adjustments based on results.

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    Control vs. Risk

    Balancing control measures and risks in project management.

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    Software Configuration Management (SCM)

    Systematic control of changes throughout software development.

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    The First Law of SCM

    Systems will change, and the desire to change persists throughout their life cycle.

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    Types of Changes in Software

    Changes classified into business, user, and technical requirements.

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    Main Tasks of SCM

    Identification, control, status accounting, and auditing of configuration items.

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    SCM Repository

    Structured storage for managing software changes with version tracking.

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    Beta Testing

    Testing conducted at end-user sites where users report bugs to developers.

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    Acceptance Testing

    A formal test conducted before customer approval; usually contractual for software projects.

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    High-Order Testing Types

    Types of testing focusing on system resilience and performance: Recovery, Security, Stress, and Performance Testing.

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    Class Testing

    Unit testing equivalent specifically for object-oriented applications, focusing on individual classes.

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    Functionality Testing

    Web testing to verify that all functionalities work as intended.

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    Usability Testing

    Testing that evaluates ease of use for different users in applications.

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    Testing-in-the-Wild

    Testing mobile applications under real-world user conditions.

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    Security Testing

    Testing to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities in applications.

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    Project Repository

    Stores all configuration objects related to the project.

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    Change Control Process

    A structured approach to managing changes in software development.

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    Types of Software Maintenance

    Categories of software maintenance: corrective, adaptive, perfective, preventive.

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    Corrective Maintenance

    Fixing defects reported in the software to ensure proper functionality.

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    Adaptive Maintenance

    Modifying software to work in new environments, like OS or hardware changes.

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    Software Reverse Engineering

    Extracting knowledge from an existing system to understand its functions.

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    Software Reengineering

    Improving and restructuring existing software to reduce maintenance costs.

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    Characteristics of Maintainable Software

    Features include effective modularity, design patterns, coding standards, and quality assurance.

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    Study Notes

    Study Notes: Design Modeling 2 (Lecture 7)

    • UI design is a critical aspect in software engineering, ensuring users can interact effectively with the system.
    • A good design model consists of Data/Class Design, Architectural Design, Interface Design, and Component-Level Design.
    • Good interface design should be easy to use, understand, and learn.
    • Common UI design errors include lack of consistency, high memorization demand, lack of guidance, poor response time, and arcane design.
    • Golden rules of UI design include placing the user in control, reducing memory load, and making the interface consistent.
    • Interface Analysis involves understanding end-users, user tasks, content, and system environment.

    Study Notes: Component-Level Design

    • A component is a modular, deployable, and replaceable part of a system that encapsulates implementation and exposes interfaces.
    • Components can be viewed as collaborating classes (object-oriented view) or as processing logic, internal data structures, and interfaces (conventional view).
    • Basic design principles include the Open-Closed Principle, Liskov Substitution Principle, Dependency Inversion Principle, Interface Segregation Principle, Release Reuse Equivalency, Common Closure, and Common Reuse Principles.
    • Cohesion measures how well a module focuses on a single purpose.

    Study Notes: Algorithm Design

    • Algorithm design ensures that software processes are structured and optimized.
    • Steps in algorithm design include reviewing component descriptions, stepwise refinement, structured programming, and proving logic correctness.
    • Algorithm models include graphical notation, tabular notation, and Program Design Language (PDL), which is also known as Pseudocode.
    • Structured procedural design breaks tasks down into smaller steps.

    Study Notes: Component-Based Development

    • Component-Based Development (CBD) focuses on reusability and modularization.
    • Key questions to consider in reuse include availability of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, internally developed reusable components, and compatibility with the system architecture.
    • Common challenges in reuse include lack of structured reuse plans, developer reluctance to reuse components, limited training on reuse, and perception of reuse as a burden.
    • Key aspects to consider before using a component include API documentation and development tools needed for integration.

    Study Notes: WebApp and Mobile App Design (Lecture 8)

    • Web Apps are software applications that run in a web browser and dynamically generate HTML files.
    • Web apps utilize a client-server architecture. Client (Browser) interacts with server-side functions to process user requests. Server-side then manages application logic and processes requests; Database Server handles data storage and retrieval.
    • Key design considerations for web apps include security, availability, scalability, and time-to-market.
    • Key user-focused quality dimensions include time, structure, content accuracy, response time, and performance.
    • Key design goals for web apps include consistency, identity, robustness, navigability, visual appeal, and compatibility.

    Study Notes: WebApp Design Components

    • Interface design defines how users interact with the web application.
    • Aesthetic design ensures visual appeal and consistency.
    • Content design manages the structure of information.
    • Navigation design determines how users navigate through the application.
    • Architecture design establishes the application structure, how the system interacts, component placement.
    • Component design deals with backend and functional elements.

    Study Notes: Mobile App Features

    • Mobile apps are software designed for mobile devices like smartphones and tablets.
    • Mobile apps have limited functionality due to hardware constraints.
    • Mobile apps have simplified user interfaces for small screens.
    • Types of mobile apps include native and web. Native apps are built for specific platforms like iOS, Android which offer better performance and stricter quality standards, while web apps run in browsers; requiring internet connection.
    • Mobile app architectures are similar to web apps, with presentation, application, and data layers.

    Study Notes: Mobile App Design

    • Mobile app design involves considerations for multiple platforms, short development cycles, device limitations, integration, security.
    • UI design for mobile apps should focus on consistent brand elements, optimization for performance, and core user tasks.
    • Common design mistakes to avoid in mobile apps include the "kitchen sink" approach, inconsistency, overdesigning, and neglecting speed optimization.

    Study Notes: Software Quality Assurance (Lecture 9)

    • Quality is a characteristic or attribute, relevant to system design, implementation, and user satisfaction.
    • Software quality involves design quality, conformance quality, and user satisfaction.
    • Software quality dimensions from Garvin include Performance (effective), Features (delightful), Conformance (adherence to standards), Reliability (error-free and available), Durability (resistance to changes), Serviceability (easy maintenance), Aesthetics (visual appeal), and Perception (influences on user experience).
    • McCall's factors encompass correctness, reliability, efficiency, integrity, usability, maintainability, flexibility, testability, portability, and reusability, interoperability.
    • Cost of quality entails prevention, internal failure, and external failure costs.

    Study Notes: Software Testing Techniques (Lecture 10)

    • Software testing is the process of executing a program to find errors before end-user delivery.
    • Testing objectives include ensuring error-free software, verifying requirements conformity, evaluating performance, and indicating quality.
    • Testability factors assess software operability, observability, controllability, decomposability, simplicity, stability, and understandability.
    • White-box testing focuses on code structure. Black-box testing examines input/output behavior without internal logic disclosure.

    Study Notes: Software Testing Strategies (Lecture 11)

    • Effective testing begins with technical reviews to prevent errors.
    • Testing proceeds through unit, integration, system, acceptance phases, each focusing on different aspects of the software.
    • Verification ensures that the software design implements the requirements, Validation ensures that the product meets the user needs.
    • Testing is a key skill to ensure quality

    Study Notes: Software Project Management (Lecture 12)

    • A project is a temporary endeavor with a specific start date and end date.
    • Project management involves planning, organizing, staffing and directing to achieve stated goals within budget, schedule and resources.
    • Stakeholders in a software project are senior management, project managers, developers, customers, and the end-users
    • Stakeholders must collaborate and communicate to achieve stated goals.
    • Software project management includes activities like objective setting, requirement analysis, resource allocation, budget allocation, scheduling, risk management
    • Measuring project success metrics include on-time completion, budget adherence, satisfaction, effectiveness and quality

    Study Notes: Software Maintenance & Control (Lecture 13)

    • Project monitoring and control involves collecting, recording and reporting project information, aligning actual performance with plans, and determining whether project management processes are effective.
    • Activities in monitoring and control include establishing and collecting data methods, collecting data, analysis and reporting, and making adjustments.
    • Software Configuration management (SCM) is essential for controlling changes during software development.
    • Software Maintenance encompasses corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive maintenance types.
    • Software Re-engineering aims to make changes to improve software maintainability.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamental principles of UI design and various testing methods. This quiz covers key concepts such as user frustration, intuitive shortcuts, and software configuration management. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the importance of effective UI design and recovery testing.

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