Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary assertion made about the six apps mentioned?
What is the primary assertion made about the six apps mentioned?
- They were all existing prior to the 16th century.
- They confused consequences with causes. (correct)
- They are useful in explaining development.
- They have significant historical relevance.
What type of systems do the authors of 'Why Nations Fail' categorize as favorable for development?
What type of systems do the authors of 'Why Nations Fail' categorize as favorable for development?
- Traditional systems
- Extractive systems
- Authoritarian systems
- Inclusive systems (correct)
What is considered a major contributor to countries ceasing to develop?
What is considered a major contributor to countries ceasing to develop?
- Inclusive systems
- Industrial revolutions
- Extractive systems (correct)
- Global telecommunication advancements
Which of the following theories is critiqued in the text as failing to explain the Great Divergence?
Which of the following theories is critiqued in the text as failing to explain the Great Divergence?
What common belief about race is mentioned in relation to Western development?
What common belief about race is mentioned in relation to Western development?
What timeline does the Great Divergence refer to according to the content?
What timeline does the Great Divergence refer to according to the content?
Which of these works is cited as sharing views with other Western theories?
Which of these works is cited as sharing views with other Western theories?
What does the critique assert about the theories related to culture and race?
What does the critique assert about the theories related to culture and race?
What is typically considered the main cause of the Great Divergence?
What is typically considered the main cause of the Great Divergence?
During which time frame did significant economic changes in Europe begin to be noted?
During which time frame did significant economic changes in Europe begin to be noted?
How did China's per capita income level compare from 1 AD to 1950?
How did China's per capita income level compare from 1 AD to 1950?
The initial similarity in income levels among different regions around 1000 AD indicated what about global economic conditions?
The initial similarity in income levels among different regions around 1000 AD indicated what about global economic conditions?
What term is used to describe the economic disparity that began to emerge mainly in Western Europe after the 16th century?
What term is used to describe the economic disparity that began to emerge mainly in Western Europe after the 16th century?
In the context of global economic history, which region remained relatively stagnant until the 20th century?
In the context of global economic history, which region remained relatively stagnant until the 20th century?
Which century saw the emergence of observable changes in income levels in Europe?
Which century saw the emergence of observable changes in income levels in Europe?
What was the economic status of Europe around the 16th and 17th centuries compared to the rest of the world?
What was the economic status of Europe around the 16th and 17th centuries compared to the rest of the world?
What was a primary factor that led to the Military Revolution in Europe?
What was a primary factor that led to the Military Revolution in Europe?
Which of these countries was recognized as the wealthiest in the world around 1550?
Which of these countries was recognized as the wealthiest in the world around 1550?
By 1780, which country had weakened compared to others in military power?
By 1780, which country had weakened compared to others in military power?
What was the probability of war occurring in Europe every year during the 16th and 17th centuries?
What was the probability of war occurring in Europe every year during the 16th and 17th centuries?
Which aspect contributed to the expansion of military forces in Europe?
Which aspect contributed to the expansion of military forces in Europe?
What military organization change occurred during the Military Revolution?
What military organization change occurred during the Military Revolution?
During which century did Spain begin to show signs of decline in military power?
During which century did Spain begin to show signs of decline in military power?
Which countries developed strong military forces by 1700?
Which countries developed strong military forces by 1700?
What significant demand has been made by many countries from former colonizers?
What significant demand has been made by many countries from former colonizers?
What were the two main questions driving the discussion about the Great Divergence?
What were the two main questions driving the discussion about the Great Divergence?
What astronomical amount did Africa demand as reparation from developed countries in 1999?
What astronomical amount did Africa demand as reparation from developed countries in 1999?
Which theory suggested that the development disparity was due to racial superiority?
Which theory suggested that the development disparity was due to racial superiority?
Which country is noted for demanding $45 trillion in reparation from Britain?
Which country is noted for demanding $45 trillion in reparation from Britain?
What role did the military revolution play in European countries during the time of colonialism?
What role did the military revolution play in European countries during the time of colonialism?
What misconception did 19th-century Europeans and North Americans hold about their development?
What misconception did 19th-century Europeans and North Americans hold about their development?
How did the perception of racial superiority contribute to debates on development?
How did the perception of racial superiority contribute to debates on development?
The increase in extractive capacity in Europe is associated with which phenomenon?
The increase in extractive capacity in Europe is associated with which phenomenon?
How did colonialism and slavery contribute to the wealth of Western nations?
How did colonialism and slavery contribute to the wealth of Western nations?
What factor distinguishes the timing of the Great Divergence starting after the mid-1800s?
What factor distinguishes the timing of the Great Divergence starting after the mid-1800s?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the fiscal capacity of European powers?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the fiscal capacity of European powers?
Which region is mentioned as having remained stagnant during the early phases of the Great Divergence?
Which region is mentioned as having remained stagnant during the early phases of the Great Divergence?
What was a consequence of the racist theories discussed during the 19th century?
What was a consequence of the racist theories discussed during the 19th century?
What was a consequence of the massive wealth generated from colonialism and slavery for developing countries?
What was a consequence of the massive wealth generated from colonialism and slavery for developing countries?
What phrase encapsulated the belief in racial superiority during the 19th century?
What phrase encapsulated the belief in racial superiority during the 19th century?
How did extraction relate to military capability according to the content?
How did extraction relate to military capability according to the content?
What role did extraction play in infrastructure development?
What role did extraction play in infrastructure development?
Which revolutions contributed significantly to the rise of the West?
Which revolutions contributed significantly to the rise of the West?
According to the content, what was a key factor allowing Western states to practice colonialism?
According to the content, what was a key factor allowing Western states to practice colonialism?
What conclusion was drawn from the extraction levels of European countries after the 17th century?
What conclusion was drawn from the extraction levels of European countries after the 17th century?
How did Geoffrey Parker describe the rise of the West?
How did Geoffrey Parker describe the rise of the West?
What was a characteristic of the Military Revolution mentioned in the content?
What was a characteristic of the Military Revolution mentioned in the content?
What historical practices were fueled by extraction according to the discussion?
What historical practices were fueled by extraction according to the discussion?
Flashcards
The Great Divergence
The Great Divergence
The period starting around 1750 where Europe experienced significant economic growth, while other parts of the world remained relatively stagnant.
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
A major technological and economic shift that began in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, primarily in Europe, characterized by advancements in machinery, factories, and new manufacturing methods.
Per capita income
Per capita income
The average income per person in a country or region.
Momentum
Momentum
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Similar
Similar
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Phenomenal change
Phenomenal change
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Living Standards
Living Standards
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Decrease
Decrease
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Why did some countries develop faster than others?
Why did some countries develop faster than others?
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Why did the Great Divergence happen in the mid-1800s?
Why did the Great Divergence happen in the mid-1800s?
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The White Man's Burden Theory
The White Man's Burden Theory
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Racist Theory of Development
Racist Theory of Development
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The White Man's Burden Theory
The White Man's Burden Theory
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The fall of the racist theory
The fall of the racist theory
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Understanding the Great Divergence
Understanding the Great Divergence
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What is the Great Divergence?
What is the Great Divergence?
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What are 'race, culture, and institution-oriented' theories?
What are 'race, culture, and institution-oriented' theories?
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What do race, culture and institution-oriented theories claim?
What do race, culture and institution-oriented theories claim?
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What are 'systems' theories?
What are 'systems' theories?
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What is an 'inclusive system'?
What is an 'inclusive system'?
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What is an 'extractive system'?
What is an 'extractive system'?
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How does an 'extractive system' hinder development?
How does an 'extractive system' hinder development?
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Why are race, culture and institution-oriented theories flawed?
Why are race, culture and institution-oriented theories flawed?
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What is the Military Revolution?
What is the Military Revolution?
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What sparked the Military Revolution?
What sparked the Military Revolution?
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What was a key feature of the Military Revolution in Europe?
What was a key feature of the Military Revolution in Europe?
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Who were some of the main players in the Military Revolution?
Who were some of the main players in the Military Revolution?
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How did the balance of power shift in 17th century Europe?
How did the balance of power shift in 17th century Europe?
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What is the relationship between wealth and military power during the Military Revolution?
What is the relationship between wealth and military power during the Military Revolution?
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What is an example of how military power was affected by economic changes in the 18th century?
What is an example of how military power was affected by economic changes in the 18th century?
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What does the size of an army tell us about a nation's power?
What does the size of an army tell us about a nation's power?
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Colonial Plunder and the Great Divergence
Colonial Plunder and the Great Divergence
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Reparation Demands
Reparation Demands
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Military Revolution and Colonialism
Military Revolution and Colonialism
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Fiscal Extractive Capacity
Fiscal Extractive Capacity
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Economic Disparity
Economic Disparity
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Colonialism's Role in the Great Divergence
Colonialism's Role in the Great Divergence
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Coercion and Plunder
Coercion and Plunder
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Extraction capacity
Extraction capacity
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Rise of the Western state
Rise of the Western state
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Coercion
Coercion
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Fiscal Power
Fiscal Power
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Infrastructure Development
Infrastructure Development
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Force as a driver of Western rise
Force as a driver of Western rise
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Military Revolution
Military Revolution
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Financial Revolution
Financial Revolution
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Coercion and extraction
Coercion and extraction
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Study Notes
Transcript of Video Lecture: State Capacity and Economic Growth
- Transcript is for students currently enrolled in "UGCP1002 Hong Kong in the Wider Constitutional Order" course.
- No part may be reproduced without prior permission.
- Lecture by Professor WANG Shaoguang.
The Great Divergence
- Economic growth is the driving force of development.
- Human history of ~3 million years, economic growth was rare until ~300 years ago.
- Significant change occurred in the century around 1800 (1750-1840), marked by economic growth in Europe. This became known as the Great Divergence.
- Before the 16th century, economies in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America developed at similar rates.
- A significant divergence in growth rates occurred after the 16th/17th centuries.
- The Industrial Revolution played a pivotal role in this change, as of the 16th century onwards.
Prevalent Theories
- The 19th-century theory of "the white man's burden" suggested that whites were superior and destined to develop civilizations. This idea was racist and later discredited
- Jared Diamond's theory emphasized geography and natural resources as drivers, but this is flawed
- Other explanations regarding institutions, culture, or race are also flawed.
- Recent books like "Why Nations Fail" focused on whether the systems were "inclusive" or "extractive", as another determining factor.
State Capacity and Economic Growth
- State capacity is the ability of a state to turn its will into action. It includes infrastructural capacities
- Seven categories of state capacity
- Coercive capacity, or the ability to use force to maintain order.
- Extractive capacity, or the ability to raise revenue through taxation.
- Assimilative capacity, or the ability to create a shared national identity and values.
- These capacities are crucial for economic growth
- Coercion, extraction, and assimilation are fundamental capacities of (earlier) modern states.
- Coercive capacity is the unique quality of states. It includes internal and external security.
- Extractive capacity is necessary for funding other functions such as the military.
Military Revolution and the Rise of the West
- The Military Revolution (16th-18th centuries) involved technological advancements in warfare, larger armies, and better organization.
- This was crucial for economic growth as it increased extractive capacity and created a more secure environment for investment.
- Frequent wars in Europe facilitated the Military Revolution and the increase in overall state capacity between the 16th and 18th centuries, which allowed the West to surpass other economies. Colonialism, slave trade, and the extraction of wealth from other countries further strengthened Europe's economic position.
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Description
This quiz examines the concepts of state capacity and its relationship to economic growth as discussed in UGCP1002 Hong Kong in the Wider Constitutional Order. Explore the historical context of economic divergence, particularly the Great Divergence and its implications on global economics. Gain insights into the theories that have shaped our understanding of development.
