Questions and Answers
What are the three main social sciences discussed?
Sociology, Anthropology, Political Science
Culture, society, and politics can be physically touched.
False
Who is credited as the father of sociology?
___ refers to firmly held opinion or conviction, regardless of the lack of verifiable evidence.
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What does the discipline of sociology focus on?
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What is 'sociological imagination'?
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Which social thinker introduced the concept of 'social fact'?
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Social diversity refers to the similarities between people.
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What does ethnography refer to?
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Cultural change is represented by new technological platforms facilitating __________.
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Study Notes
Culture, Society, and Politics
- Culture, society, and politics are conceptual tools that influence individual and collective lives, despite being intangible.
- Concepts are "rational purport of a word or a conception" (Pierce, 1998, p. 332), allowing us to form related concepts and discover new aspects of a phenomenon.
- Sociality is defined by the categories assigned to us by society, and culture encompasses various "ways of living" practiced worldwide.
- Values are principles or standards of behavior, while beliefs are firmly held opinions or convictions, regardless of evidence.
- Political change is a fundamental social label, and cultural change is represented by new technological platforms facilitating communication and interactions.
The Social Sciences
- Sociology focuses on external influences that facilitate or constrain human actions, and examines the ubiquity of social forces in various forms (sex, gender, religion, class, etc.).
- Social forces are unseen yet powerful forces influencing individual and institutional behavior, and a social map refers to a person's specific economic and political location.
- The term "sociological imagination" (Mills) allows social actors to discern opportunities, and sociology was born in Europe during the Industrial Revolution.
- Auguste Comte is credited as the father of sociology, while Emile Durkheim introduced the concept of "social fact" and Karl Marx critiqued capitalist exploitation.
Sociology and its Subfields
- Durkheim and Weber saw society as a system with parts and functions, which can be latent or manifest.
- Symbolic interactionism is a different approach to analyzing social realities, founded by Charles Horton Cooley, Herbert Blumer, and George Herbert Mead.
- Anthropology is a social science discipline that studies the "equal but different ways" of human life, and has been called "a child of colonization".
- Social diversity refers to the gaps between people measured by the presence or absence of certain traits, and merit systems reward important tasks performed.
- Ethnography is a research design or data-gathering method used by anthropologists, and cultural idiosyncrasies are examples of cultural diversity.
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Description
Review questions for Chapter 1 of the UCSP 12 STEM course, covering the social sciences and the three faces of the social. Topics include culture, society, and politics as conceptual tools.
