Questions and Answers
What is the organizational level?
no; have objectives, strategies, adopting practices, strike democracies where leaders will give in to demands
What are some ways to stop terrorism? (Select all that apply)
How does terrorism stop by itself?
Achieved their objectives/autonomy, group implosion, do other forms of activism
What is International Political Economy (IPE)?
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What are the main principles of IPE - liberal?
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What are the main perspectives of IPE - Marxist?
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What characterizes IPE - mercantilist?
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What significant changes occurred in the history of trade during the 1850s?
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What is absolute advantage?
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What is comparative advantage?
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What is opportunity cost?
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What is the term for the ability of a state to govern its territory free from external control?
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What is the Peace of Westphalia?
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What is hegemony?
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What does decolonization refer to?
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Define anarchy.
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What are national interests?
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What are collective action problems?
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What is mercantilism?
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What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
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What was the Thirty Years' War?
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What was the Treaty of Versailles?
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What is meant by the interwar period?
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What is referenced by the term 'Iron Curtain'?
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What is the security dilemma?
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Define incomplete information.
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What are commitment problems?
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What does issue indivisibility refer to?
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What is the first-strike advantage?
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What does the rally effect describe?
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What are interest groups?
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What is democratic peace?
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Define balance of power.
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What is the permanent five (P5)?
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What does peacekeeping entail?
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What is asymmetrical warfare?
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What are proxy wars?
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What does provocation mean in a political context?
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Define spoiling in terms of terrorism.
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What is outbidding in the context of terrorism?
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What is comparative advantage?
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What does the Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory state?
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What is protectionism?
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What does the Stolper-Samuelson theorem suggest?
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What is the Ricardo-Viner model?
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What does foreign direct investment (FDI) refer to?
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Define a multinational corporation.
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What is portfolio investment?
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What does sovereign lending refer to?
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What is a fixed exchange rate?
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Define a floating exchange rate.
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What does appreciate mean in economics?
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What does depreciate mean?
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What is a Less Developed Country (LDC)?
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What is Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)?
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What does export-oriented industrialization (EOI) refer to?
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What is customary international law?
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What is a Transnational Advocacy Network (TAN)?
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Define human rights.
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What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
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What is the International Criminal Court?
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What is the Tragedy of the Commons?
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What are nonexcludable goods?
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Define nonrival goods.
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What are externalities?
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What does defense mean in a military context?
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Define prestige in international relations.
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What is brute force?
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What does coercion imply in political terms?
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What are economic threats or coercion?
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What do the Gulf War and Iran/Iraq War exemplify?
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What is deterrence?
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Give an example of deterrence.
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What is compellence?
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Provide an example of compellence.
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Which is more difficult: compellence or deterrence?
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What does bargaining refer to?
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What is crisis bargaining?
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Describe warfare before the Napoleonic Wars.
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What was significant about warfare during the French Revolutionary Wars?
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What is characteristic of warfare today?
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What does nuclear shelling suggest?
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What is meant by the nuclear triad?
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What are causes of nuclear proliferation?
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What does the security model suggest?
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Give an example of the security model.
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What governs the domestic model of decision-making?
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Provide an example of the domestic model.
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What does the status model refer to?
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What is an example of the status model?
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What are the benefits of nuclear proliferation?
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What are five benefits of nuclear proliferation according to Waltz?
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What are the costs of nuclear proliferation?
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What is terrorism?
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Define suicide terrorism.
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What actions are NOT considered terrorism?
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What are current trends in terrorism?
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Why is terrorism used?
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Is terrorism irrational?
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Study Notes
Key Political Concepts
- Sovereignty: The ability of a state to govern its territory independently without external interference.
- Peace of Westphalia: Treaty that concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648, establishing principles of state sovereignty.
- Hegemony: Dominance or leadership of one state or social group over others.
Decolonization and Anarchy
- Decolonization: Process where colonized populations gain control over their territories.
- Anarchy: A state characterized by the absence of a government, often leading to disorder.
National Interests and Collective Action
- National Interests: Typically involve a state's security and power, shaping its foreign policy.
- Collective Action Problems: Situations where individuals benefit from collective cooperation, but personal incentives dissuade participation.
Economic Systems and Treaties
- Mercantilism: Economic policy using military power to enhance national wealth and support military capabilities.
- Treaty of Tordesillas: 1494 agreement dividing newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.
Wars and Treaties
- Thirty Years War: Series of conflicts, primarily a Catholic-Protestant struggle, culminating in the Peace of Westphalia.
- Treaty of Versailles: Concluded WWI with punitive measures against Germany.
- Interwar Period: 1919-1939, marked by political instability post-WWI and economic turmoil from the Great Depression.
Cold War Dynamics
- Iron Curtain: The ideological and physical divide between Western Europe and the Eastern Bloc following WWII.
- Security Dilemma: When state defense measures make other states feel insecure, leading to arms races.
Information and Commitment Issues
- Incomplete Information: Situations where parties lack knowledge about each other's capabilities or intentions.
- Commitment Problems: Challenges in achieving mutual goals due to unreliable threats or promises.
War and Peace Concepts
- Issue Indivisibility: Scenarios where certain stakes cannot be divided, potentially leading to conflicts.
- First-Strike Advantage: Benefits accrued to a state that attacks first due to superior military position or strategy.
Sociopolitical Dynamics
- Rally Effect: Increase in government support among citizens during national crises or conflicts.
- Interest Groups: Organizations formed to advocate for specific interests or goals.
Democratic Theories and Power Structures
- Democratic Peace: Observation of low incidence of war between stable, democratic states.
- Balance of Power: Political arrangement where no single nation can dominate others.
International Institutions
- Permanent Five (P5): The five permanent members of the UN Security Council: the US, UK, France, Russia, and China.
- Peacekeeping: Efforts by international forces to maintain peace and security between conflicting parties.
Warfare Types
- Asymmetrical Warfare: Conflicts between entities with unequal military capabilities.
- Proxy Wars: Wars instigated by a major power in which it does not directly participate.
International Economics
- Comparative Advantage: Ability of an entity to produce goods at a lower opportunity cost than others.
- Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory: Countries will export goods that utilize their abundant production factors.
Globalization and Trade Policies
- Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI): Strategy to develop domestic industries by limiting foreign imports.
- Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI): Policies encouraging manufacturing aimed at international markets.
Legal Frameworks
- Customary International Law: Laws evolving from consistent state practices acknowledged as legally binding.
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights: UN document promoting fundamental human rights globally.
Nuclear Strategy and Politics
- Nuclear Triad: Strategic capabilities involving land, air, and sea-based nuclear forces.
- Security Model: Framework wherein states seek nuclear deterrents due to anarchic international relations.
Terrorism Dynamics
- Terrorism: Premeditated political violence targeting civilians to achieve specific objectives.
- Suicide Terrorism: Tactics involving self-sacrifice to inflict harm on civilians for political ends.
Study of International Political Economy (IPE)
-
IPE Theories:
- Liberal: Emphasizes absolute gains without substantial political interference.
- Marxist: Views economic gain as a zero-sum game between classes.
- Mercantilist: Sees economic interaction as power-driven and politically influenced.
Trade Historical Context
- History of Trade: Evolution from mercantilism to liberalization post-WWII, marked by various trade restrictions and globalization phases.
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Prepare for the UCLA Political Science 20 final exam with this comprehensive review. This quiz includes key terms and definitions such as sovereignty and hegemony, essential for understanding political concepts. Use these flashcards to strengthen your grasp of political science topics.