BRUSSELS AND MADRID

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Questions and Answers

What were the two main reasons Rizal cited for the loss of will to work among Filipinos?

Natural disasters and foreign invasions

Economic difficulties and social inequality

Spanish oppression and limited education

Defending faith and abuses of Encomienderos (correct)

What was the Polo y servicio that Rizal mentioned?

A tax imposed on wealthy landowners

A form of voluntary community service

Forced labor for Galleon construction (correct)

A military draft for young men

How did the friars contribute to the Filipino's loss of work ethic according to Rizal?

Providing job opportunities for the poor

Promoting the idea of heavenly rewards over labor (correct)

Encouraging dedication to education

Threatening those who did not work

What prompted the duel challenge between Rizal and Antonio Luna?

Insults related to personal relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked the first incident that tested Rizal's temper?

A drunken argument with Antonio Luna Signup and view all the answers

Who was Wenceslao E. Retana and why did he provoke Rizal's anger?

A Spanish scholar countering Filipino newspapers Signup and view all the answers

What did the Filipino compatriots do when they witnessed the duel challenge between Rizal and Luna?

Intervened and urged reconciliation Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the Spanish Encomienderos have on the rights of Filipinos?

They deprived Filipinos of rights and freedoms Signup and view all the answers

What significant event prompted Retana to send Rizal an apology?

A duel challenge issued by Rizal Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Calamba Hacienda case?

The decision was in favor of the Dominican Corporation Signup and view all the answers

How did Rizal react to the death of Jose Maria Panganiban?

He wrote an eulogy for him Signup and view all the answers

What did Rizal's sister Saturnina inform him about their family's situation?

The family was being evicted from their home Signup and view all the answers

Why did Retana recognize Rizal's martyrdom later in his life?

Retana wrote a biography of Rizal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Rizal's relationship with his family?

He valued them above all else Signup and view all the answers

What event influenced Rizal's feelings of hopelessness in Spain?

The Calamba case ruling Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of Rizal's skill that concerned Retana during their duel?

Rizal's expertise in pistol shooting Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern expressed by Rizal in 'Una Esperanza' regarding the political situation in the Philippines?

Hope for reforms after a conservative setback Signup and view all the answers

Which publication featured Rizal's work on the new orthography of the Tagalog language?

La Solidaridad Signup and view all the answers

How many vowels were present in the ancient Tagalog alphabet as described by Rizal?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What did Rizal attribute to the presence of indolence among Filipinos?

Nature and climate of the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the positive traits Rizal identified in Filipinos related to industry?

Recognition by Chinese traders Signup and view all the answers

Which historical text did Rizal use to analyze the Filipino past and the impact of Spanish rule?

Sucessos de las Islas Filipinas Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of Rizal's introduction of a new orthography in Tagalog?

To standardize the writing system Signup and view all the answers

What motivated Rizal to continue printing his work?

His determination to complete the publication Signup and view all the answers

In which format was Rizal's essay on Tagalog language published?

In five successive issues Signup and view all the answers

Which event propelled Rizal to resume printing El Filibusterismo?

Financial aid from Valentine Ventura Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason Rizal became disillusioned with his countrymen?

They promised financial support but did not follow through Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for Jose Rizal's move from Paris to Brussels in 1890?

To economize expenses and complete his sequel to Noli Me Tangere Signup and view all the answers

What was the title of the second novel that Jose Rizal worked on while in Brussels?

El Filibusterismo Signup and view all the answers

What did Rizal entrust to the recipient of his letter in case something happened to him?

The ownership of his books Signup and view all the answers

In which cities did Rizal write drafts of El Filibusterismo?

Madrid, Biarritz, Brussels, and Paris Signup and view all the answers

Which artistic works did Jose Rizal create during his time in Brussels?

Two statues named Triumph of Science Over Death and Triumph of Death Over Life Signup and view all the answers

To whom did Rizal dedicate El Filibusterismo?

The three martyred priests Signup and view all the answers

Who did Jose Rizal express his feelings and artistic anguish through in his poem A Mi Musa?

His lost love Signup and view all the answers

Which work precedes El Filibusterismo?

Noli Me Tangere Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment did Jose Rizal express in his letter to Mariano Ponce in June of 1890?

A wish to return to the Philippines due to financial difficulties Signup and view all the answers

Which publication did Jose Rizal contribute articles to while in Brussels?

La Solidaridad Signup and view all the answers

What themes are present in El Filibusterismo?

Humor, romance, and revolution Signup and view all the answers

How did Jose Rizal manage his finances while living in Brussels?

He meticulously managed his money due to limited funds Signup and view all the answers

What was Jose Rizal's emotional state reflected in his poem A Mi Musa?

Anguish and sorrow Signup and view all the answers

What event prompts Juli’s grandfather, Tandang Selo, to join the outlaws?

Juli being killed at the church altar Signup and view all the answers

What is Simoun's ultimate goal in planning the coup d'etat during Paulita's wedding?

To avenge Maria Clara's death Signup and view all the answers

How does Isagani react to the discovery of Simoun's plan?

He throws the lamp into the river Signup and view all the answers

What consequence follows the failure of the uprising led by Simoun?

The armed followers resort to banditry Signup and view all the answers

What philosophical standpoint does Father Florentino express to Simoun?

Independence requires responsibility Signup and view all the answers

What does Simoun do after confessing to Father Florentino?

He takes poison Signup and view all the answers

What action does Father Florentino take with Simoun's treasure after his death?

He throws it into the sea Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the critical themes presented in both El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere?

The futility of seeking independence Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Jose Rizal in Brussels & Madrid

Rizal left Paris for Brussels, Belgium on January 28, 1890.
He moved to economize expenses and finish El Filibusterismo.
Rizal described Brussels in a letter to Blumentritt, praising its beauty.
Rizal was busy writing El Filibusterismo and contributing to La Solidaridad.
Rizal managed his finances meticulously due to a lack of funds from the Philippines.
He carved two statues, Triumph of Science Over Death and Triumph of Death Over Life, sending them to Ferdinand Blumentritt.
He also wrote a poem, A Mi Musa (To My Muse).

Jose Rizal in Brussels - Financial Difficulties

Rizal suffered financial hardship in Brussels.
He wrote to Mariano Ponce expressing his desire to return to the Philippines.
He lacked financial support from the Philippines.
His compatriots worried about his safety in the Philippines.
Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce urged Rizal to move to Madrid.
Rizal received instructions from his brother Paciano to go to Madrid.

Jose Rizal's Contributions in Brussels

Rizal responded to Barrantes' criticisms of Noli Me Tangere in La Solidaridad (February 15, 1890).
He argued Barrantes didn't read the whole novel and that the novel was written for the Filipinos.
In La Solidaridad (February 28, 1890), he expressed bitterness over the unfair treatment of the Calamba tenants by the Spanish government, and questioned the impotence of the Catholic corporations.

The Philippines at the Spanish Congress

Rizal drafted a proposal for a land estate in Borneo for Filipino farmers.
Rizal criticized El Porvenir de Vesayas for highlighting criminal acts by the government and Civil Guards.
He accused the board of censors created by the Spanish government.
The proposal was dated April 30, 1890.

The Eastern Fables

Rizal compared and contrasted fables from the Philippines and Japan.
This work was published in Trubner's Record in July 1889.
Saru Kani Gassen the "Battle of the Monkey and Crab" is one of the topics.

Una Esperanza (A Hope)

Dated July 15, 1890.
Rizal expressed hope after the Spanish minister's party.
It concerns the conservative party's support for the friar-controlled situation in the Philippines.

On Rizal's Indolence of Filipinos

Published in La Solidaridad (July 15-September 1, 1890).
Rizal analyzed the Spanish rule's impact on the Filipinos.
He used works by historical figures such as Chirino, Colin, & Chao Ju-Kua.

Rizal's Two Reasons for Filipinos Losing their Will

Filipinos defended the Catholic faith and Spanish government.
Rizal mentioned the Filipino battles against Portugal and the Dutch, attacks by Chinese Limahong and Muslim raiders, and sporadic insurrections and executions of Filipinos.
This led to a decimation of the population

Rizal's Blame on Spanish Encomienderos

Rizal blamed Spanish Encomienderos for abuses.
The friars, inclined to defend their Filipino parishioners, were subject to the blatant tyranny of Spanish land-owners and the abuses
Priests encouraged Filipinos to avoid work due to statements about the rich man being unqualified for heaven.

Rizal's Temper Tested (Two Incidents)

Rizal attended a Filipino reunion in Madrid, where Antonio Luna insulted him.
Their compatriots intervened and they apologized.
A second incident involved Wenceslao E. Retana, a Spanish scholar hired by the Catholic Corporations to address La Solidaridad.
Retana wrote of Rizal's love for his family.

Sorrowful Events while Rizal was in Madrid

Feliciano Gonzales Timbang and Jose Maria Panganiban died in Madrid.
Rizal wrote eulogies for them.
Rizal was informed about the Calamba Hacienda case decision (April 1890).
The decision favored the Dominican Catholic Corporation, against tenants, principales, farmers, and Rizal's family.

Rizal Received the Information He Feared

Rizal received a letter from his sister, Saturnina, about the sad events affecting their family in Calamba.
Saturnina informed Rizal of the arrest and banishment of his brothers-in-law to Mindoro.
His father, Don Francisco, was affected and also in their old house.
Rizal wrote to Blumentritt expressing his loss of hope in Spain.

Sorrowful Events while Rizal was in Madrid - Letter to Blumentritt

This letter is a description of the dreadful events that Rizal's family witnessed in Calamba.
Sickness, poverty, displacement, and lack of hospitality to victims were some of the issues.
Rizal lost hope in Spain and no longer wrote for La Solidaridad .

Rizal Attempted to Ask for "Help"

Rizal attempted to contact Spanish politicians to help his family in the Philippines.
He tried to enlist Don Manuel Becerra, but failed.
He also sought Her Majesty Queen Regent Maria Cristina but was unsuccessful due to lack of influential relationships.

Rizal's Leave For Hong Kong

Rizal's stay in Spain ended with his travels to Hong Kong (1891).
He departed from Europe (Spanish territories).
He left a message to his European compatriots.

Rizal's Thoughts to his Compatriots

Rizal cautioned his compatriots that hoping for help of those in Europe might be problematic.
More practical approaches to address issues in the Philippines are needed.
Rizal advocates for radical action to bring change in the Philippines.

Jose Rizal's Contributions in La Solidaridad while in Madrid

In La Solidaridad, Rizal published Cobordo Venganza (Cowardly Revenge) (August 31, 1890).
It expressed Rizal's bitterness towards the Spanish government in the Philippines and the treatment of his brother-in-laws and brother, Paciano
The article referred to the arbitrary banishment of people by the Spanish authorities through provocation from the Dominican friars in Calamba.

How the Philippines is Governed

In La Solidaridad (December 15, 1890), Rizal argued against the mismanagement of the Spanish government in the Philippines.
Rizal outlined that the officials were the cause of the problems.
He blamed the friars and how they gained from their corporations and the workings of the Catholic Church.

F. PI. Y Margall: el Luchar Tiempo Nuestro

F. PI. Y Margall critiqued issues in La Solidaridad(November 15, 1890), covering topics like poverty, soul, and religion.
Rizal authored a review of the book "The Struggle of Our Time".

Jose Rizal Masonic Speech in Madrid

Rizal provided a lecture to the Solidaridad Lodge No. 53 in Madrid in 1889.
It covered the fundamental foundations of Masonry (Science, Virtue, and Labor).

Rizal Published the El Filibusterismo in Ghent

Rizal published El Filibusterismo in Ghent, Belgium in early July 1891.
Choosing to work there due to cheaper printing costs.
His friends Alejandrino and Evangelista attended the University of Ghent together with him.
Rizal suffered financial struggles during the process.
His compatriots offered assistance.

Through the Letters of Rizal to Jose Maria Basa in July 1891

Rizal's financial strains are evident in letters to Jose Maria Basa.
He pawned his belongings to print El Filibusterismo.
He expressed disappointment in Filipinos' lack of support, despite promises of funding.
He felt let down by his countrymen.

Valentin Ventura

Valentine Ventura assisted Rizal by providing funding for the printing of El Filibusterismo.

Jose Rizal Finished El Filibusterismo in Brussels

Rizal finished the manuscript of El Filibusterismo in Brussel.
Rizal wrote to Jose Basa regarding the novel's completion and the process
He indicated some parts of his work were ready for printing.

Reaction of Rizal's Compatriots to El Filibusterismo

Graciano Lopez Jaena and Mariano Ponce praised the quality of El Filibusterismo.
They considered the novel as a worthy continuation to Noli Me Tangere.

Jose Rizal Proceed to Hong Kong

Rizal's journey to Hong Kong.
He departed from Europe to finalize his plan.
He left a farewell message to his European compatriots.

Rizal's Messages to his Compatriots

Rizal provided advice to Filipino compatriots regarding practical applications in improving the Philippines.
He cautioned them against relying on European support.
He highlighted that the struggle must be undertaken in the Philippines to achieve significant change.

Characters in El Filibusterismo

Simoun - Ibarra, who plotted to overthrow the government to attain his goals.
Maria Clara - She was not involved in Simoun's plans; she died in the nunnery, 13 years after the novel began.
Basilio - The novel shows Basilio's dedication towards being a doctor.

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