Types of Vegetable Oils

Vegetable Oils

• Palm superolein is a liquid fraction derived from palm oil with an iodine value of 60 or higher, produced through a controlled crystallization process.
• Rapeseed oil is produced from seeds of Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L., Brassica juncea L., and Brassica tournefortii Gouan species.
• Low erucic acid rapeseed oil is produced from low erucic acid oil-bearing seeds of varieties derived from the above species.
• Rice bran oil is derived from the bran of rice (Oryza sativa L).
• Safflowerseed oil is derived from safflower seeds (seeds of Carthamus tinctorious L.).
• High oleic acid safflowerseed oil is produced from high oleic acid oil-bearing seeds of varieties derived from Carthamus tinctorious L.
• Sesameseed oil is derived from sesame seeds (seeds of Sesamum indicum L.).
• Soya bean oil is derived from soya beans (seeds of Glycine max (L.) Merr.).
• Sunflowerseed oil is derived from sunflower seeds (seeds of Helianthus annuus L.).
• High oleic acid sunflowerseed oil is produced from high oleic acid oil-bearing seeds of varieties derived from sunflower seeds.
• Mid-oleic acid sunflowerseed oil is produced from mid-oleic acid oil-bearing sunflower seeds.

Composition Characteristics

• Arachidic and higher fatty acid content of arachis oil should not exceed 48g/kg.
• Reichert values for coconut, palm kernel, and babassu oils should be in specific ranges.
• Polenske values for coconut, palm kernel, and babassu oils should be in specific ranges.
• Halphen test for cottonseed oil should be positive.
• Erythrodiol content of grapeseed oil should be more than 2% of total sterols.
• Total carotenoids (as beta-carotene) for unbleached palm oil, unbleached palm olein, and unbleached palm stearin should be in specific ranges.
• Crismer value for low erucic acid rapeseed oil should be in the range 67-70.
• Concentration of brassicasterol in low erucic acid rapeseed oil should be greater than 5% of total sterols.
• Baudouin test should be positive for sesameseed oil.
• Gamma oryzanols in crude rice bran oil should be in the range of 0.9-2.1%.

Chemical and Physical Characteristics

• Chemical and Physical Characteristics are given in Table 2.

Identity Characteristics

• Levels of desmethylsterols in vegetable oils as a percentage of total sterols are given in Table 3.
• Levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols in vegetable oils are given in Table 4.

Methods of Analysis and Sampling

• Determination of moisture and volatile matter at 105°C according to ISO 662: 1998.
• Determination of insoluble impurities according to ISO 663: 2000.
• Determination of soap content according to BS 684 Section 2.5 or AOCS Cc 17-95 (97).
• Determination of copper and iron according to ISO 8294: 1994 or AOAC 990.05 or AOCS Ca 18b-91 (03).
• Determination of relative density according to IUPAC 2.101 with the appropriate conversion factor.