Types of Vegetable Oils

Study Notes

Palm superolein is a liquid fraction derived from palm oil with an iodine value of 60 or higher, produced through a controlled crystallization process.
Rapeseed oil is produced from seeds of Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L., Brassica juncea L., and Brassica tournefortii Gouan species.
Low erucic acid rapeseed oil is produced from low erucic acid oil-bearing seeds of varieties derived from the above species.
Rice bran oil is derived from the bran of rice (Oryza sativa L).
Safflowerseed oil is derived from safflower seeds (seeds of Carthamus tinctorious L.).
High oleic acid safflowerseed oil is produced from high oleic acid oil-bearing seeds of varieties derived from Carthamus tinctorious L.
Sesameseed oil is derived from sesame seeds (seeds of Sesamum indicum L.).
Soya bean oil is derived from soya beans (seeds of Glycine max (L.) Merr.).
Sunflowerseed oil is derived from sunflower seeds (seeds of Helianthus annuus L.).
High oleic acid sunflowerseed oil is produced from high oleic acid oil-bearing seeds of varieties derived from sunflower seeds.
Mid-oleic acid sunflowerseed oil is produced from mid-oleic acid oil-bearing sunflower seeds.

Arachidic and higher fatty acid content of arachis oil should not exceed 48g/kg.
Reichert values for coconut, palm kernel, and babassu oils should be in specific ranges.
Polenske values for coconut, palm kernel, and babassu oils should be in specific ranges.
Halphen test for cottonseed oil should be positive.
Erythrodiol content of grapeseed oil should be more than 2% of total sterols.
Total carotenoids (as beta-carotene) for unbleached palm oil, unbleached palm olein, and unbleached palm stearin should be in specific ranges.
Crismer value for low erucic acid rapeseed oil should be in the range 67-70.
Concentration of brassicasterol in low erucic acid rapeseed oil should be greater than 5% of total sterols.
Baudouin test should be positive for sesameseed oil.
Gamma oryzanols in crude rice bran oil should be in the range of 0.9-2.1%.

Levels of desmethylsterols in vegetable oils as a percentage of total sterols are given in Table 3.
Levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols in vegetable oils are given in Table 4.

Determination of moisture and volatile matter at 105°C according to ISO 662: 1998.
Determination of insoluble impurities according to ISO 663: 2000.
Determination of soap content according to BS 684 Section 2.5 or AOCS Cc 17-95 (97).
Determination of copper and iron according to ISO 8294: 1994 or AOAC 990.05 or AOCS Ca 18b-91 (03).
Determination of relative density according to IUPAC 2.101 with the appropriate conversion factor.