Questions and Answers
What is the primary risk factor for breast cancer?
Age
What type of breast tissue is affected by cancer?
Firm, fixed tissue
What is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer?
Advancing age
What is a possible condition that may affect the breast tissue?
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At what age does the risk of breast cancer increase?
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What is a type of breast tissue that may be affected by cancer?
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What is not a risk factor for breast cancer?
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What is a possible symptom of breast cancer?
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What is the purpose of dividing the breast into four quadrants?
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What is the 'tail of Spence'?
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What is a common symptom assessed during a health history of the breast?
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What is the purpose of breast cancer risk assessment tools?
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What is a risk factor for male breast cancer?
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What is the purpose of breast cancer screening?
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What is a type of benign breast disease?
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What is the purpose of assessing breast density?
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Where are the pectoral nodes located?
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What is the age range for fibroadenoma?
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Which of the following nodes drain the anterior chest wall and much of the breast?
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What is the characteristic of fibrocystic change lesions?
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Where are the subscapular nodes located?
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What is the characteristic of fibroadenoma lesions?
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Where are the lateral nodes located?
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What is the age range for fibrocystic change?
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Study Notes
Breast Anatomy and Physiology
- The breast is often divided into four quadrants based on horizontal and vertical lines crossing at the nipple.
- The "tail of Spence" is an axillary tail of breast tissue that extends laterally across the anterior axillary fold.
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
- Age is the most important risk factor for breast cancer.
- Other risk factors include benign breast disease with proliferative changes on biopsy and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
Characteristics of Breast Lesions
- Fibroadenomas: smooth, rubbery, round, mobile, and non-tender.
- Cysts: soft to firm, round, mobile; often tender.
- Fibrocystic changes: nodular, ropelike.
Lymph Nodes
- Pectoral nodes: located anteriorly along the lower border of the pectoralis major inside the anterior axillary fold; drain the anterior chest wall and much of the breast.
- Subscapular nodes: located posteriorly along the lateral border of the scapula; palpated deep in the posterior axillary fold.
- Lateral nodes: located along the upper humerus.
Breast Examination
- Female breast examination involves assessing risk factors, palpating the breast, and inspecting for signs of breast cancer.
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