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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between volumetric and gravimetric titrations?
What is the purpose of a back-titration?
What is the point in a titration when the amount of added standard reagent is equivalent to the amount of analyte?
What is the function of phenolphthalein in a titration?
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What type of compound serves as the reference material for a titration?
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What is the purpose of standardization?
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What is the difference between a primary and secondary standard?
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What is the role of a secondary standard in titrations?
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What is the method of preparing a primary standard for a direct method of titration?
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What is the purpose of using a standard solution in chemical analyses?
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Study Notes
Types of Titrations
- Volumetric titrations measure the volume of a solution of known concentration needed to react completely with the analyte.
- Gravimetric titrations measure the mass of the reagent instead of its volume.
- Coulometric titrations use a constant direct electrical current of known magnitude that consumes the analyte.
Standard Solutions
- A standard solution is a reagent of known concentration used in titrations and other chemical analyses.
Back-Titration
- Back-titration determines the excess of a standard solution used to consume an analyte by titrating with a second standard solution.
- Back-titrations are often required when the rate of reaction between the analyte and reagent is slow or when the standard solution lacks stability.
Titration Points
- The equivalence point is when the amount of added standard reagent is equivalent to the amount of analyte.
- The end point is when a physical change occurs, indicating chemical equivalence, such as a color change with phenolphthalein.
Standards
- A primary standard is an ultrapure compound that serves as the reference material for titrations and other quantitative analyses.
- A secondary standard is a compound whose purity has been determined by chemical analysis and serves as the working standard material.
Standardization
- Standardization determines the concentration of a volumetric solution by titrating it against a primary or secondary standard or another standard solution.
Solution Concentration
- Molar concentration is the number of moles of reagent contained in one liter of solution.
- Normal concentration is the number of equivalents of reagent in one liter of solution.
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Description
Learn about different methods of titration, including volumetric, gravimetric, and coulometric titrations, as well as the concept of standard solutions and back-titration.
