PSM106 REVIEW
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Questions and Answers

What development in the latter half of the 20th century and into the 21st century has contributed to the evolution of psychological testing and assessment?

  • The decline in specialized assessments
  • Focus on quackery like phrenology
  • Increased reliance on physiognomy
  • Advances in technology leading to computerized testing tools (correct)
  • Which early belief suggested that the inner character of people can be judged based on their outward appearance, particularly the face?

  • Statistical analysis
  • Factor analysis
  • Physiognomy (correct)
  • Forensic psychology
  • Who is usually credited with founding phrenology, which involves reading 'bumps' on a person's head?

  • Carl Jung
  • Wilhelm Wundt
  • Franz Joseph Gall (correct)
  • Sigmund Freud
  • Which century can physiognomy's interest be traced back to?

    <p>Fourth century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Phrenology' involves reading bumps on the head to determine attributes. What would form a bump according to this theory?

    <p>An enlarged component of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a significant emphasis in the development of assessment instruments in modern times?

    <p>Culturally fair and unbiased tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of ability test?

    <p>Personality test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of establishing norms for a test?

    <p>To determine the average or normal performance on the test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about objective measurement of difficulty is TRUE?

    <p>It ensures the test is free from any form of bias or subjectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a personality test?

    <p>To assess an individual's overt and covert dispositions or traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the administration of a psychological test?

    <p>Determining the order of test items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary tool used in psychological assessment?

    <p>The test or measuring device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the psychograph, a machine that measured phrenology?

    <p>Henry C. Lavery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes reversible psychiatric illnesses from mental retardation according to the text?

    <p>Reversible psychiatric illnesses indicate temporary impairments, while mental retardation is characterized by persistent developmental limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the pivotal moment in the history of psychological assessment mentioned in the text?

    <p>The development of standardized intelligence tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the newfound humanism influence social attitudes towards individuals with mental disabilities?

    <p>It promoted empathy and compassion towards individuals with mental disabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of James McKeen Cattell's research?

    <p>Individual differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary diagnostic criterion in Esquirol's classification system for mental retardation?

    <p>Language skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contribution did James McKeen Cattell make to the field of psychology?

    <p>He coined the term 'mental test'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Philippe Pinel and Jean-Étienne Esquirol contribute to differentiating mental retardation from mental illness?

    <p>They were pioneers in differentiating mental retardation from mental illness and formalized this distinction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Cattell's work contribute to the advancement of psychological testing and assessment in America?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to increased interest in diagnosing and remedying mental retardation in the 19th century?

    <p>A newfound humanism that promoted empathy and compassion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiated psychiatric impairments from mental retardation?

    <p>'Psychiatric impairments could be temporary, while mental retardation was characterized by persistent developmental limitations.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary aim of Alfred Binet's intelligence scale?

    <p>To identify children requiring special educational placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Binet's approach to intelligence testing?

    <p>It emphasized the assessment of higher psychological processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of Binet's collaboration with Theodore Simon?

    <p>To develop a practical tool for identifying children requiring special education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Binet's intelligence scale differ from previous tests?

    <p>It classified children based on their cognitive abilities rather than providing precise measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Binet's contribution to intelligence testing?

    <p>It paved the way for future developments in intelligence testing and assessing cognitive abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the 19th century's shift in the understanding and treatment of mental retardation?

    <p>It marked a move towards more humane and compassionate approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

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