PSM106 REVIEW

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What development in the latter half of the 20th century and into the 21st century has contributed to the evolution of psychological testing and assessment?

The decline in specialized assessments

Focus on quackery like phrenology

Increased reliance on physiognomy

Advances in technology leading to computerized testing tools (correct)

Which early belief suggested that the inner character of people can be judged based on their outward appearance, particularly the face?

Statistical analysis

Factor analysis

Physiognomy (correct)

Forensic psychology

Who is usually credited with founding phrenology, which involves reading 'bumps' on a person's head?

Carl Jung

Wilhelm Wundt

Franz Joseph Gall (correct)

Sigmund Freud

Which century can physiognomy's interest be traced back to?

Fourth century Signup and view all the answers

'Phrenology' involves reading bumps on the head to determine attributes. What would form a bump according to this theory?

An enlarged component of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What has been a significant emphasis in the development of assessment instruments in modern times?

Culturally fair and unbiased tools Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of ability test?

Personality test Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of establishing norms for a test?

To determine the average or normal performance on the test Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about objective measurement of difficulty is TRUE?

It ensures the test is free from any form of bias or subjectivity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a personality test?

To assess an individual's overt and covert dispositions or traits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the administration of a psychological test?

Determining the order of test items Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary tool used in psychological assessment?

The test or measuring device Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the psychograph, a machine that measured phrenology?

Henry C. Lavery Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes reversible psychiatric illnesses from mental retardation according to the text?

Reversible psychiatric illnesses indicate temporary impairments, while mental retardation is characterized by persistent developmental limitations. Signup and view all the answers

What was the pivotal moment in the history of psychological assessment mentioned in the text?

The development of standardized intelligence tests Signup and view all the answers

How did the newfound humanism influence social attitudes towards individuals with mental disabilities?

It promoted empathy and compassion towards individuals with mental disabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of James McKeen Cattell's research?

Individual differences Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary diagnostic criterion in Esquirol's classification system for mental retardation?

Language skills Signup and view all the answers

What contribution did James McKeen Cattell make to the field of psychology?

He coined the term 'mental test' Signup and view all the answers

How did Philippe Pinel and Jean-Étienne Esquirol contribute to differentiating mental retardation from mental illness?

They were pioneers in differentiating mental retardation from mental illness and formalized this distinction. Signup and view all the answers

How did Cattell's work contribute to the advancement of psychological testing and assessment in America?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What led to increased interest in diagnosing and remedying mental retardation in the 19th century?

A newfound humanism that promoted empathy and compassion. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiated psychiatric impairments from mental retardation?

'Psychiatric impairments could be temporary, while mental retardation was characterized by persistent developmental limitations.' Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of Alfred Binet's intelligence scale?

To identify children requiring special educational placement Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes Binet's approach to intelligence testing?

It emphasized the assessment of higher psychological processes Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Binet's collaboration with Theodore Simon?

To develop a practical tool for identifying children requiring special education Signup and view all the answers

How did Binet's intelligence scale differ from previous tests?

It classified children based on their cognitive abilities rather than providing precise measurements Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Binet's contribution to intelligence testing?

It paved the way for future developments in intelligence testing and assessing cognitive abilities Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the 19th century's shift in the understanding and treatment of mental retardation?

It marked a move towards more humane and compassionate approaches Signup and view all the answers