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Types of Stressors and Adaptation
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Types of Stressors and Adaptation

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@StatuesqueColumbus

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is classified as a physical stressor?

  • Fatigue
  • Cold (correct)
  • Fear of failing an examination
  • Waiting for a diagnostic test result

    • What is the primary function of adaptation in relation to stress?

  • To assist in coping with stress through physiological and psychological changes (correct)
  • To completely eliminate stressors from one's life
  • To promote a sedentary lifestyle
  • To force a person to ignore stress messages

    • Which statement best describes homeostasis?

  • A steady state that the body strives to maintain despite changes (correct)
  • A permanent state that does not change
  • An automatic response to psychological stress
  • A process that occurs only during physical stress

    • In the stimulus-based model of stress, which factor directly contributes to an individual's stress levels?

    <p>The overall adaptation capacity of the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a psychosocial stressor?

    <p>Losing a job</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are compensatory mechanisms related to homeostasis?

    <p>They ensure a steady state is reached regardless of changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measure?

    <p>Life events and their impact on health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between stress and adaptation?

    <p>Adaptation processes are designed to manage stress effectively and promote health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first outcome of the primary appraisal process in Lazarus's interaction theory?

    <p>Events regarded as irrelevant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Response Based Model of Stress?

    <p>The physiological changes in response to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the secondary appraisal process, which of the following is NOT considered a coping resource?

    <p>Personal outlook.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Local Adaptation Syndrome (LAS)?

    <p>A localized response to specific tissue or organ stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for interpreting stressful stimuli?

    <p>Limbic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of the Local Adaptation Syndrome?

    <p>It aids in restoring homeostasis in affected areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of anxiety is characterized by overwhelming feelings and is the most severe?

    <p>Panic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a strategy for effective stress management?

    <p>Enhancing coping strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which response is part of the Local Adaptation Syndrome and protects tissue from further damage?

    <p>Reflex Pain Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A significant alteration in body function leading to a reduction in capacities is defined as what?

    <p>Disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Inflammatory Response primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>To isolate and heal the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Lazarus and Folkman view the role of thought in managing stress?

    <p>Thinking can either mitigate or worsen stress outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of stress has a mediating process where individuals consciously or unconsciously react to manage their situation?

    <p>Psychological adaptation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is effective in stress management to promote relaxation?

    <p>Teaching relaxation techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological system is primarily involved in the arousal response to stress?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is true?

    <p>GAS consists of predictable physiological responses to stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a chronic illness?

    <p>Insidious onset with extended duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four aspects of the sick role?

    <p>Clients are required to explain their illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of illness does a person first believe something is wrong?

    <p>Symptom experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT typically affect illness behavior?

    <p>Time of day symptoms occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What experience is typically associated with the medical care contact stage of illness?

    <p>Seeking reassurance or explanation of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common emotional response during the assumption of the sick role?

    <p>Anxiety, fear, or depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the dependent client role stage of illness?

    <p>Acceptance of the role as a patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of illness is characterized by symptoms that come on suddenly and last for a short period?

    <p>Acute illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates hyperplasia from neoplasia?

    <p>Hyperplasia is stimulated but ceases when the stimulus is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hypoxia?

    <p>Decreased blood supply (ischemia).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes bizarre cell growth that differs in size, shape, or arrangement?

    <p>Dysplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about metaplasia is true?

    <p>It involves the replacement of a tissue type with another mature cell type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically causes ischemia?

    <p>Obstruction due to clots or atherosclerosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary effect of hypoxia on cells?

    <p>Interruption of the cell's ability to transform energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates a reversible change due to stimulus?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular change is recognized for enhancing resistance to stress?

    <p>Metaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Stressors

    • Physical Stressors: Include cold, heat, and chemical agents that affect the body.
    • Physiologic Stressors: Encompass pain and fatigue impacting overall well-being.
    • Psychosocial Stressors: Involve personal fears such as failing exams, job loss, or waiting for diagnostic test results.

    Differentiating Adaptation and Homeostasis

    • Adaptation: A continuous process enabling individuals to cope with stress through physiologic and psychological adjustments.
    • Homeostasis: A dynamic balance maintaining stable internal conditions; disrupted by stress, necessitating compensatory responses.

    Models of Stress

    • Stimulus-Based Model: Focuses on life changes as stressors, with higher stress scores linked to increased illness risk (Social Readjustment Rating Scale developed by Holmes and Rahe).
    • Response-Based Model: Coined by Hans Selye, emphasizes physiological responses like "Fight or Flight," manifesting in sympathetic nervous system arousal.
    • Transactional Model: Developed by Lazarus & Folkman, stresses cognitive appraisal in interpreting stress, involving primary and secondary appraisal to assess threats and coping resources.

    Physiological Adaptation

    • Stress Interpretation: The limbic system, cerebral hemispheres, and reticular activating system are critical in processing stressful stimuli.

    Psychological Adaptation

    • Coping Mechanisms: Encompass cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage demands, differentiating between emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies.

    Anxiety Levels

    • Categories: Includes mild, moderate, severe, and panic levels of anxiety which influence response to stress.

    Stress Management Techniques

    • Promoting a healthy lifestyle and enhancing coping strategies.
    • Teaching relaxation techniques to reduce stress.
    • Providing education on stress management and building social support systems.

    Disease and Illness Definitions

    • Disease: A dysfunction in bodily operations leading to reduced capability or lifespan.
    • Illness: A subjective experience reflecting decreased physical, emotional, or social function.

    Types of Illness/Disease

    • Acute Illness: Sudden onset and short duration, often self-limiting (e.g., common cold).
    • Chronic Illness: Develops gradually and persists, characterized by cycles of remission and exacerbation.

    Illness Behavior Factors

    • Influenced by age, sex, occupation, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs, ethnic origin, psychological stability, personality, education, and coping strategies.

    Stages of Illness (Suchman)

    • Symptom Experience: Initial recognition of illness and self-treatment.
    • Sick Role Assumption: Acceptance of illness and seeking confirmation from others.
    • Medical Care Contact: Seeking medical assistance voluntarily or via encouragement from others.
    • Dependent Client Role: Acceptance of patient status varies among individuals.
    • Cellular Response: Tissue enlarges in response to increased stimuli, differentiating hyperplasia from neoplasia.

    Cellular Injury

    • Hypoxia: Inadequate oxygen supply to cells leads to injury, typically from decreased blood supply or respiratory issues.
    • Ischemia: Common cause of hypoxia, resulting from narrowed arteries or blood clots affecting blood flow.

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    Description

    Explore the different types of stressors including physical, physiological, and psychosocial factors. Understand the concept of adaptation in relation to handling these stressors and the ongoing process involved in coping mechanisms. Test your knowledge on how stress affects our lives and the means of adaptation.

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