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Questions and Answers
What is the main impact of stress on rocks?
What is the main impact of stress on rocks?
- Becoming smoother
- Changing size or shape (correct)
- Changing color
- Increasing weight
In tensional stress, how is the rock affected?
In tensional stress, how is the rock affected?
- Rock is stretched apart (correct)
- Rock slips in a horizontal direction
- Rock is pressed together
- Rock is squeezed together
What happens during compressional stress?
What happens during compressional stress?
- Rock slips in a horizontal direction
- Rock changes color
- Rock is stretched apart
- Rock is squeezed together (correct)
How can shear stress be described?
How can shear stress be described?
What happens in the first stage of rock deformation?
What happens in the first stage of rock deformation?
Which analogy best explains elastic deformation?
Which analogy best explains elastic deformation?
If a rock experiences shear stress, what type of movement does it undergo?
If a rock experiences shear stress, what type of movement does it undergo?
What is ductile deformation?
What is ductile deformation?
How does the text explain the concept of ductility using copper?
How does the text explain the concept of ductility using copper?
Which type of rock material is described as less flexible and cracks easily under stress?
Which type of rock material is described as less flexible and cracks easily under stress?
What role does temperature play in the flexibility of rock materials?
What role does temperature play in the flexibility of rock materials?
How does water content affect the brittleness of rocks?
How does water content affect the brittleness of rocks?
What happens to wet clay when it is baked in a kiln?
What happens to wet clay when it is baked in a kiln?
In what way are rocks similar to silly putty?
In what way are rocks similar to silly putty?
'Ductile rock' refers to rocks that:
'Ductile rock' refers to rocks that:
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Study Notes
Stress and Rock Deformation
- Stress is a force that acts on a rock, causing it to deform.
- The type of stress influences how the rock will deform.
Tensional Stress
- Tensional stress pulls rocks apart, causing the rock to lengthen
- Extension is the result of tensional stress.
Compressional Stress
- Compressional stress squeezes rocks together, causing them to shorten.
- Shortening is the result of compressional stress.
Shear Stress
- Shear stress causes rocks to slide past each other.
- Lateral movement is the result of shear stress.
Rock Deformation Stages
- Elastic deformation is the first stage of deformation, where rock returns to its original shape once the stress is removed.
- Analogy: A rubber band stretches when pulled, but returns to its original length when released.
Ductile Deformation
- Ductile deformation occurs when rocks deform permanently and flow.
- Ductility is a measure of a material's ability to deform without fracturing.
- Example: Copper can be hammered into thin sheets because it is a ductile material.
Brittle Deformation
- Brittle deformation occurs when a rock fractures or breaks under stress.
- Brittle materials are less flexible and prone to cracking under stress.
Factors Affecting Rock Deformation
- Temperature affects the flexibility of rocks: Hot rocks are more ductile, while cold rocks are more likely to fracture.
- Water content also affects rock behavior: Wet rocks are more ductile and less brittle compared to dry rocks.
- Example: Wet clay becomes more malleable, but when baked in a kiln, it becomes brittle and hard.
Silly Putty Analogy
- Silly putty demonstrates the flexibility of rocks under stress.
- Silly Putty is a solid that can flow like a liquid if it is stressed slowly.
- Rocks can behave similarly, depending on factors like pressure, temperature, and time.
Ductile Rock Behavior
- Ductile rocks are able to bend and flow without breaking.
- Examples of ductile rocks include metamorphic rocks like marble and slate.
- Ductile deformation is common in rocks that are under high pressure and temperature.
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