Questions and Answers
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture of solid, liquid, or gas in a liquid vehicle.
What are the types of solutions?
What are the types of non-aqueous solutions?
What is a hydroalcoholic solution?
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What are examples of hydroalcoholic solutions?
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What is an oleaginous solution?
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What is an example of an oleaginous solution?
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What is an ethereal solution?
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What is an example of an ethereal solution?
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Solutions can only be volatile and cannot be non-volatile.
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What is aromatic water?
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What oil is aromatic water a solution of?
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The odor or taste of aromatic water are the same as those of the drug or volatile substance from which they are prepared.
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Aromatic waters are only colorless.
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Aromatic water is free from what odor?
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What is the use of aromatic water?
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Aromatic waters are not permanently stable preparations.
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Aromatic waters should be protected from excessive light and heat to prevent photodegradation/photolysis.
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Aromatic waters should be stored in what container?
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The deterioration of aromatic water may be due to what?
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Decomposition or mold growth in aromatic water may produce what?
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What are the different methods for the preparation of aromatic water?
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What is the slowest, most expensive, and most satisfactory method of preparation of aromatic water?
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What is the most satisfactory method of preparation product called?
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What is an example of aromatic water prepared through distillation?
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What is Cohobation?
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The product of what process is a high quality distillate?
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What is an example of aromatic water that underwent cohobation?
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What are the 2 types of solution methods?
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Describe the direct solution method.
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What is the advantage of the direct solution method?
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What is the disadvantage of the direct solution method?
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What is the alternate solution method?
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What are the dispersing agents?
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What is a dispersing agent?
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Describe the alternate solution method.
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Study Notes
Types of Solutions
- Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of solids, liquids, or gases in a liquid vehicle.
- Aqueous solutions contain water as the solvent, while non-aqueous solutions use other solvents.
Non-Aqueous Solutions
- Hydroalcoholic solutions mix water and alcohol.
- Oleaginous solutions are oil-based.
- Ethereal solutions comprise ether.
Hydroalcoholic Solutions
- Examples include elixirs and tinctures, used in various medicinal applications.
Oleaginous Solutions
- Oleovitamins serve as an example of an oleaginous solution, emphasizing their oil base.
Ethereal Solutions
- Collodion is a notable example of an ethereal solution, used often in medicinal and cosmetic preparations.
Aromatic Waters
- Clear saturated aqueous solution of volatile oil or other aromatic substances.
- Aromatic water maintains the odor and taste of the original volatile substances.
- The solution can be either colorless or colored.
- It is free from empyreumatic (smoke-like) odors.
- Used as a flavored and perfumed vehicle in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
Stability and Storage
- Aromatic waters are not permanently stable and should be kept in tight, light-resistant containers to mitigate photodegradation.
- Deterioration may be caused by volatilization, resulting in cloudy preparation or disagreeable odors.
Preparation Methods for Aromatic Water
- Distillation is the slowest and most costly but most satisfactory method for preparing aromatic waters. The product is known as distillate.
- Cohobation is a refined distillation process where the distillate is repeatedly distilled with fresh portions of aromatic plants, resulting in high-quality distillate.
Alternative Preparation Methods
- Direct solution involves shaking the mixture for 15 minutes, letting it sit for 12 hours, then filtering—saves time and equipment.
- Disadvantages include potential formation of oil globules.
- Alternate solution employs dispersing agents like talc or purified siliceous earth to increase the surface area of volatile substances, facilitating rapid saturation and clearer solutions.
Direct and Alternate Solution Methods
- Direct solution offers advantages in efficiency but may lead to oil globule formation.
- The alternate solution method requires shaking for 10 minutes, utilizing dispersing agents to ensure clarity of the aromatic water preparation.
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Description
Explore the various types of solutions including aqueous and non-aqueous mixtures. This quiz covers hydroalcoholic, oleaginous, and ethereal solutions, along with aromatic waters and their applications. Test your knowledge on the properties and examples of each solution type.
