Types of Seizures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two types of tumors mentioned in the text?

Metastatic and Non-metastatic

Cancerous and Non-cancerous

Harmful and Non-harmful

Malignant and Benign (correct)

What is metastasis in relation to tumors?

Non-replication of neurons

Cancerous cells breaking off and traveling through the vascular system (correct)

Formation of benign tumors

Tumor growth inside the brain

Why are cancerous tumors deep inside the brain often considered inoperable?

Patients refuse surgery for such tumors

The presence of non-cancerous cells

Getting the tumor out requires damaging a lot of brain tissue (correct)

Lack of advanced surgical techniques

Where do brain tumors always arise from, according to the text?

Non-neuronal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the most preventable cause of mental retardation?

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves giving the child an extra copy of chromosome 21 from one parent?

Down Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What can cause damage to the Substantia Niagra, leading to Parkinson's Disease?

Mutation of the Parkin gene Signup and view all the answers

What can sitting for long periods of time lead to, increasing the risk of clot formation?

$90$-degree angles in the blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is a blood clot that forms in the legs called?

Thrombus Signup and view all the answers

What are some symptoms of stroke that involve one-sided drooping and difficulty speaking or understanding language?

Face droop, difficulty speaking, arm weakness on one side of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate treatment for hemorrhagic strokes?

Clotting drugs to stop bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What does Down Syndrome result from?

Extra copy of chromosome 21 from one parent Signup and view all the answers

What causes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

Alcohol exposure to fetus during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is a movement disorder caused by neuronal death in Substantia Niagra?

Parkinson's Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is used to treat Parkinson's Disease by compensating for deficient secretion of dopamine?

Dopaminergic drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Parkinson's disease?

Mutation of the Parkin gene leading to death of dopamine-producing neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment compensates for the deficient production of dopamine in Parkinson's disease?

Dopamine agonists Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of gene replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease?

To make the sub-thalamic nucleus produce GABA instead of Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with surgical ablation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease?

It involves surgically-induced brain damage Signup and view all the answers

What does deep-brain stimulation involve as a treatment for Parkinson's disease?

Implantation of electrodes to alter functions of circuits Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of stem cells used in Parkinson's disease treatment?

'Pluripotent' or 'omnipotent' cells that can turn into any type of cell, including neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which type of brain cells are the only ones mentioned in the text that can become cancerous?

Astrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of radiation therapy in killing cancer cells?

Killing cancer cells by heat Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is likely to contribute to seizures according to the text?

Imbalance between glutamate and GABA Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of epilepsy according to the text?

Recurring untriggered seizures Signup and view all the answers

How is BCG used in immunotherapy according to the text?

To boost the immune system and kill abnormal cells, including cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended step in seizure first aid according to the text?

Placing the person on their side to keep airways clear Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of seizures?

Generalized and Partial Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seizure affects most or the entire brain?

Generalized Seizures Signup and view all the answers

What are the phases involved in tonic-clonic seizures?

Tonic and Clonic Signup and view all the answers

During absence seizures, can the person speak?

Yes, they can speak Signup and view all the answers

What is status epilepticus?

Non-stop seizure with high mortality, only treatable with powerful drugs Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of strokes mentioned in the text?

Hemorrhagic and Obstructive Signup and view all the answers

What causes hemorrhagic strokes?

Rupture in blood vessels due to weak blood vessels, extreme angles, high blood pressure, diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What causes obstructive strokes?

Clot blocking brain's blood vessel due to high blood pressure, smoking, inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors for hemorrhagic strokes?

Born with weak blood vessels, extreme angles, high blood pressure, diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors for obstructive strokes?

High blood pressure, smoking, inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Seizures: two main types - Generalized and Partial
Generalized Seizures: affects most or entire brain, e.g. tonic-clonic (convulsion) seizures
Tonic-clonic seizures: involves both tonic (muscle contraction) and clonic (jerking movements) phases
Absence seizures: loss of consciousness but able to speak during
Status Epilepticus: non-stop seizure, high mortality, only treatable with powerful drugs
Strokes: accidents in brain's vasculature, two types - hemorrhagic and obstructive
Hemorrhagic Strokes: rupture in blood vessels, cause: weak blood vessels, extreme angles, high blood pressure, diabetes
Diabetes: blood sugar disorder, high blood sugar damages peripheral vasculature, risk of ischemic stroke due to damage to small blood vessels
Obstructive Strokes: clot blocks brain's blood vessel, causes: high blood pressure, smoking, inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes
Stroke symptoms: face droop (hemiplegia), difficulty speaking, holding arms out and dropping, difficulty understanding language
Stroke treatments: hemorrhagic strokes treated with clotting drugs, obstructive strokes with blood thinners, risk of worsening condition if treatments are mixed up
Risk factors for hemorrhagic strokes: born with weak blood vessels, extreme angles, high blood pressure, diabetes
Risk factors for obstructive strokes: high blood pressure, smoking, inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes
Stroke anatomy and symptomatology: ischemia (tissue death due to blood deprivation), thrombus (clot) formation, obstructive embolus (clot chunk traveling along vasculature), symptoms include lateralizing (hemiplegia), difficulty speaking, arm dropping.
Stroke treatments: hemorrhagic strokes treated with clotting drugs, obstructive strokes with blood thinners, risk of worsening condition if treatments are mixed up.

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Description

Test your knowledge of different types of seizures, including general, partial, grand mal, and absence seizures. Learn about the characteristics and symptoms of each seizure type.