Types of RNA Molecules
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Questions and Answers

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes?

  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) (correct)
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • MicroRNA (miRNA)

    • What is the main role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

  • Interferes with the translation of specific mRNAs
  • Acts as a structural and catalytic component of ribosomes (correct)
  • Acts as an adaptor between amino acids and codons in mRNA
  • Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

    • Which functional component is NOT associated with the 3' end of mRNA?

  • Inhibition of translation
  • Stabilisation of mRNA
  • PolyA tail
  • Cap structure (correct)

    • Which type of RNA is involved in RNA interference (RNAi)?

    <p>MicroRNA (miRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geometry does helical RNA typically adopt?

    <p>A-form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

    <p>Acts as an adaptor between amino acids and the codons in mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of RNA Molecules

    • There are several types of RNA molecules, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (long ncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and ribozymes.
    • Each type of RNA molecule has a unique function in the process of gene expression.

    Messenger RNA (mRNA)

    • Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.
    • Instructions for building a protein are carried by mRNA.

    RNA Structure

    • RNA is intrinsically single-stranded.
    • The 2'-OH group prevents RNA from forming a B-form helix.
    • RNA adopts an A-form geometry when helical.
    • Major groove is deep and narrow, while minor groove is wide.
    • Secondary structure is observed in rRNA and tRNA, and is assumed to be present in mRNA.
    • The 3' end of mRNA is polyadenylated.

    PolyA Tail

    • The polyA tail is not coding and is added after transcription.
    • It stabilizes mRNA and its removal leads to RNA degradation.
    • The polyA tail also inhibits translation.

    Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

    • rRNA is complex and makes up the ribosomes.
    • Ribosomes are the "protein factories" and are large macromolecular assemblies.
    • They are composed of many proteins and rRNA molecules.

    Transfer RNA (tRNA)

    • tRNA acts as an intermediary between the nucleic acid and protein worlds.
    • It acts as a translator, carrying amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.

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    Description

    Learn about the different types of RNA molecules, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and more!

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