Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the function of the enzyme DNA helicase in DNA replication?
unwinds the DNA strands
What is the primary difference between DNA and RNA in terms of their functions?
DNA stores genetic information, RNA transfers genetic information
What is the role of the RNA primer in DNA replication?
provides a starting point for DNA synthesis
What is the name of the process by which DNA is replicated, resulting in two new molecules each composed of an old and new strand?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the ligase enzyme during DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the process by which genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the nucleotide base that pairs with adenine in DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
During transcription, which RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in gene expression?
Signup and view all the answers
During DNA replication, what is the role of the leading strand?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the enzyme responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process by which DNA is replicated in a semi-conservative manner?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the experiment that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of RNA primer in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
Which sugar is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of organism has a genome composed of RNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of DNA replication in the first generation after transfer to a medium with light nitrogen?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Structure of Ribonucleotides
- A ribonucleotide is formed of sugar (ribose), one phosphate, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine)
- DNA and RNA molecules have slightly different functions
Functions of DNA and RNA
- DNA molecules store genetic information of a cell, used to carry out cell functions
- RNA is used to transfer genetic information from the nucleus
- There are 3 types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Gene
- A gene is a fragment of DNA (sequence of nucleotides) transcribed into mRNA codons and then translated into protein
DNA Replication
- The enzyme DNA helicase unwinds the 2 strands of DNA
- DNA polymerase forms new DNA strands by complementary base pairing
- We get 2 new molecules, each made of an old strand and new strand, following the Semiconservative Pattern
- The DNA replication fork includes an RNA primer, which is labeled at the top
From Gene to Protein
- DNA transcription and translation: DNA -> mRNA -> Amino acids -> Protein
- In Eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
- During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and forms mRNA strand by complementary base pairing
- mRNA undergoes processing (removal of introns) before exiting the nucleus
DNA Replication Enzymes
- DNA polymerase builds up nucleotides complementary to the parental DNA
- Helicase unwinds the double helix at the replication fork
- Ligase joins up Okazaki fragments
DNA Replication Experiment
- Scientists grew bacteria in a medium containing heavy nitrogen (15N) as the only source of nitrogen
- After many generations, all bacteria DNA contained heavy nitrogen
- Bacteria were then moved to a medium with only light nitrogen (14N)
- Analysis of DNA from subsequent generations showed hybrid DNA with both heavy and light nitrogen
RNA and DNA
- RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose
- Uracil is found in RNA, but not in DNA
- Thymine is found in DNA, but not in RNA
DNA Replication and Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- In prokaryotes, DNA replication and transcription occur simultaneously
- In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the structure of ribonucleotides, functions of DNA and RNA, and the role of genes in molecular biology.
