Types of RNA in Biology
45 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

  • Component of ribosome (correct)
  • Participate in mRNA editing
  • Template for protein synthesis
  • Transfer amino acids

    • Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome.

    False

    What is the role of the anticodon in transfer RNA (tRNA)?

    To base-pair with the complementary code on the mRNA molecule

    The 3' end of tRNA is known as the _____ attachment site.

    <p>amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of RNA with their functions:

    <p>mRNA = Template for protein synthesis tRNA = Transfer amino acids rRNA = Component of ribosome snRNA = Participate in splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of small RNA induces degradation of targeted mRNA?

    <p>microRNA (miRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) is considered premature mRNA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total cellular RNA is made up of Transfer RNA (tRNA)?

    <p>10-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of rRNA strands present in the larger subunit of a ribosome?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic ribosomes are smaller than prokaryotic ribosomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main nucleotide components of rRNA?

    <p>Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ site in a ribosome is where tRNA molecules attach during protein synthesis.

    <p>A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ribosome types to their size classification:

    <p>Prokaryotic Ribosomes = 70S Eukaryotic Cytoplasmic Ribosomes = 80S Eukaryotic Mitochondrial Ribosomes = 55S Bacterial Ribosomes = Variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of rRNA's secondary structure?

    <p>Triple helical coils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes contain rRNA and proteins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do ribosomes play in the cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mRNA?

    <p>To carry genetic information about a protein sequence from DNA to ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRNA is a double-stranded molecule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major bases found in mRNA?

    <p>A, G, C, U</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription is the process where mRNA is synthesized from __________.

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics of mRNA with their descriptions:

    <p>Very Heterogeneous = Wide range of molecular weights Abundance = Comprises about 5% of total RNA Location = Found in cytoplasm and mitochondria Post-Transcriptional Modifications = Include 5' capping and polyadenylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature of mRNA stabilizes it and provides protection in the cytoplasm?

    <p>5' cap with 7-methylguanosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methylation typically occurs at the 5' terminal nucleoside of eukaryotic mRNAs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a polyribosome?

    <p>A linear aggregate formed by several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature of tRNA helps protect it from dehydration when in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Methylation of unusual bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TRNA consists solely of the usual nitrogenous bases: adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main legs of tRNA's L-shaped tertiary structure called?

    <p>Acceptor and D stems, Anticodon and T stems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TRNA binds to specific amino acids and transfers them to the ________ ends of growing peptide chains.

    <p>C-terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the unusual base with its corresponding conventional base:

    <p>Inosine = Adenine Pseudouracil = Uracil Dihydroxyuridine = Uridine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of tRNA molecules?

    <p>60-95 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each tRNA molecule carries one Thymine (T) nucleotide.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when the $3^‘$-OH group of tRNA binds to the $eta$-COOH of a specific amino acid?

    <p>aminoacyl-tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cloverleaf structure of tRNA is formed due to hydrogen bonding of complementary bases in different ______.

    <p>segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a minor base found in tRNA?

    <p>Cytosine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the structures of tRNA with their descriptions:

    <p>Amino Acid Acceptor Arm = Binds the alpha-COOH of an amino acid Anticodon Stem = Complimentary to the mRNA codon T Stem = Contains T, pseudouridine, and C Variable Arm = Length varies from 3-23 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The double helical stems of tRNA are typically in a B-DNA conformation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conformation do the double helical stems of tRNA resemble?

    <p>A-DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 5' cap on eukaryotic mRNA?

    <p>Serve as a recognition site for translation initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prokaryotic mRNA is typically monocistronic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

    <p>Adenine nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The precursor of mRNA in mammalian nuclei is called ______.

    <p>hnRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of RNA with their functions:

    <p>mRNA = Contains the genetic code for proteins hnRNA = Precursor of mature mRNA snRNA = Involved in RNA processing poly-A tail = Stabilizes mRNA and aids export from the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the 5' cap connected to the 5' terminal nucleoside in eukaryotic mRNA?

    <p>By a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    75% of hnRNA is processed into mature mRNA in the nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of U1 snRNA in RNA processing?

    <p>Assisting in mRNA processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of RNA

    • In prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, three main classes of RNA molecules exist
      • Messenger RNA (mRNA)
      • Transfer RNA (t RNA)
      • Ribosomal RNA (r RNA)
      • Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)
    • Small RNAs also exist:
      • Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
      • Micro RNA (miRNA)
      • Small interfering RNA (siRNA)
      • Non-coding RNA (ncRNA)

    Significance

    • mRNA - Carries genetic formation of DNA for protein synthesis from nucleus to ribosome
    • rRNA - Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
    • tRNA - Acts as an adapter molecule. Carries amino acid and drops it on mRNA with its anticodon on mRNA
    • snRNAs - part of spliceosomes - that edit mRNAs

    tRNA Characteristics

    • There are two ends in the tRNA:
      • 5' end
      • 3' end
    • The 3' end is where the amino acid is attached and it is called the amino acid attachment site.

    Transfer RNA (tRNA) or Soluble RNA (srRNA)

    • Smaller than other RNAs (MW 18-28 KD)
    • 10-20% of the total cellular RNA
    • In cytosol and mitochondrial matrix
    • Average animal cells carry around 56 tRNAs
    • Named according to the specific amino acid they bind to and transfer, eg. phenylalanine mRNA (tRNAPhe)

    mRNA Structure and Function

    • tRNA, like mRNA, is made in the nucleus and is used over and over again.
    • tRNA binds an amino acid at one end and has an anticodon at the other end.
    • The anticodon acts to base pair with the complementary code on the mRNA molecule, and delivers an amino acid to the ribosome.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz explores the various types of RNA, including mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA, along with their significance in protein synthesis and gene expression. Learn about the characteristics of transfer RNA and its essential roles in cellular functions. Test your knowledge on small RNAs and their contributions to the genetic processes!

    More Like This

    Transcription and RNA Quiz
    5 questions

    Transcription and RNA Quiz

    EruditeOnyx4246 avatar
    EruditeOnyx4246
    Transcription and RNA Types
    15 questions

    Transcription and RNA Types

    LovedRhyme avatar
    LovedRhyme
    Types and Functions of RNA Molecules
    30 questions

    Types and Functions of RNA Molecules

    FamedAnaphora avatar
    FamedAnaphora
    Types and Roles of RNA
    10 questions

    Types and Roles of RNA

    OrderlySchorl8045 avatar
    OrderlySchorl8045
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser