Transcription and RNA Types

What is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA called?

What percentage of the human genome can be transcribed into mRNA?

What type of RNA molecule encodes proteins?

During transcription, what breaks the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides?

What forms the RNA sugar-phosphate backbone during transcription?

What is the primary transcript produced during transcription?

Which molecule reads the DNA sequence during transcription?

What is the role of general transcription factors in transcription?

What percentage of total RNA samples does messenger RNA (mRNA) comprise?

What happens if the cell has a nucleus after transcription?

What is the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in transcription?

Which nucleic acid uses base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language?

During transcription, what forms the RNA sugar-phosphate backbone with assistance from RNA polymerase?

What process separates the two strands of the DNA helix during transcription?

What percentage of mammalian genomic DNA can be actively transcribed in one or more types of cells?

Transcription Process

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA is called transcription.
During transcription, the enzyme helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides.

RNA Molecules

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that encodes proteins.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) comprises only about 5% of total RNA samples.
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in transcription, but do not encode proteins.

RNA Synthesis

The RNA sugar-phosphate backbone is formed during transcription, with assistance from RNA polymerase.
The primary transcript produced during transcription is a precursor to mature RNA.

Transcription Initiation

General transcription factors play a crucial role in transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase to the gene promoter.
RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence during transcription.

Cellular Compartmentalization

After transcription, if the cell has a nucleus, the RNA is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm for translation.

DNA Structure

DNA uses base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language.
The process of separating the two strands of the DNA helix during transcription is called helicase-mediated unwinding.

Genome Transcription

Approximately 90% of the human genome can be transcribed into mRNA.
About 80% of mammalian genomic DNA can be actively transcribed in one or more types of cells.

Test your knowledge on the transcription process and the different types of RNA produced, including messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Learn about the percentage of DNA transcribed into mRNA and the active transcription of mammalian genomic DNA.