Types of Research

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Questions and Answers

Which type of research is most commonly used in medical research?

  • Quantitative research (correct)
  • Qualitative research
  • Non-experimental research
  • Mixed research

What is the primary goal of qualitative research?

  • To describe phenomena in numbers
  • To understand why phenomena occur (correct)
  • To test specific hypotheses
  • To determine the relationship between variables

In a study examining the relationship between sleep deprivation and reaction time, which variable is the independent variable?

  • Sleep deprivation (correct)
  • Reaction time
  • Number of participants
  • Time of day

Which type of research would best be suited to exploring the lived experiences of firefighters during a major wildfire?

<p>Qualitative research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is typically used to gather data on public opinion?

<p>Survey-quantitative research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a study investigating the relationship between stress levels and job satisfaction among nurses, what type of research method would be most appropriate?

<p>Non-experimental quantitative research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quantitative research?

<p>Focuses on subjective interpretations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A study that examines the impact of a new medication on blood pressure would be considered which type of research?

<p>Experimental quantitative research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of retrospective studies?

<p>They are generally less expensive to conduct. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a retrospective study and a prospective study?

<p>Retrospective studies analyze existing data, while prospective studies collect new data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a prospective study?

<p>The study is less expensive than a retrospective study. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research design is typically used in patient satisfaction programs?

<p>Prospective and qualitative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a possible bias that could be introduced in a retrospective study?

<p>All of the above are possible biases in a retrospective study. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Types of Research

Research is typically classified as quantitative, qualitative, or mixed.

Quantitative Research

Research that describes phenomena with numerical data and is more objective.

Qualitative Research

Research that describes phenomena with non-numeric data and is more subjective.

Mixed Research

A combination of quantitative and qualitative research using both numerical and textual data.

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Independent Variable

The variable that is manipulated to determine its effect on the dependent variable.

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Dependent Variable

The outcome variable that is affected or presumed to be affected by the independent variable.

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Nonexperimental Quantitative Research

Research that observes phenomena that cannot be manipulated for ethical or practical reasons.

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Survey-Quantitative Research

A strategy involving the collection of numerical data from surveys or interviews for analysis.

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Retrospective Study

A study that analyzes existing data from past events.

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Prospective Study

A study that collects data going forward from a specific starting point.

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Data Validity

The degree to which data accurately reflects what it is intended to measure.

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Cost Efficiency in Research

The balance of research quality and the expenses incurred during the study.

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Study Notes

Types of Research

  • Research can be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed.
  • Quantitative research uses numbers to describe phenomena objectively.
  • Qualitative research uses words to describe phenomena subjectively.
  • Mixed research combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
  • Most medical research is quantitative.

Quantitative Research

  • Objective and specific.
  • Aims to determine relationships between variables.
  • Independent variable affects the dependent variable.
  • Dependent variable is affected by the independent variable.
  • Example: EMS response time (independent) and patient survival (dependent).
  • Types:
    • Experimental: Manipulates independent variables.
    • Nonexperimental: Observes naturally occurring variables (e.g., psychiatric patients and the full moon).
    • Survey: Collects data from a population through questionnaires or interviews.

Qualitative Research

  • Focuses on the "why" of phenomena, not the "how."
  • Primarily uses qualitative (non-numeric) data.
  • Often conducted in natural settings.
  • Example: Studies on EMS worker stress.
  • Applications: Quality assurance, customer surveys.

Research Designs

  • Retrospective studies: Analyze existing data.
    • Advantages: Data readily available, less expensive.
    • Disadvantages: Potential for bias, less accurate.
  • Prospective studies: Collect data over time.
    • Advantages: More objective, accurate, and complete than retrospective.
    • Disadvantages: More expensive than retrospective.

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