Types of Probiotics

Types of Probiotics

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that play a crucial role in maintaining our health by improving metabolism, supporting immune function, and controlling inflammation. They are found naturally in our bodies, particularly in the gut, where they help maintain a balance with other microbes. Probiotics come in various forms, each with its unique characteristics and benefits. Here are some common types of probiotics:

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)

LAB includes several genera like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus. They produce lactic acid during fermentation, helping to lower the pH of the gut environment. LAB is commonly found in fermented foods like yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, and kimchi.

Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus is one of the most widely studied probiotic genera. It includes species like L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, and L. plantarum. These bacteria are known to improve digestion, boost immunity, and inhibit pathogen growth.

Bifidobacterium

Bifidobacteria are another important group within the LAB family. They help break down complex carbohydrates and produce vitamins K and B12. Some common bifidobacterial strains include B. animalis subsp. lactis and B. longum.

Yeast Probiotics

Yeast probiotics, specifically Saccharomyces boulardii, are single-celled fungi that offer various health benefits. S. boulardii helps reduce recurrence in mesalazine users with Crohn's disease and has shown promise against antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Bacteroidetes

Bacteroidetes is a phylum that contains many human commensals, including Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. These bacteria play significant roles in maintaining gut health by breaking down dietary fiber and modulating immune responses.

Outside these primary groups, there are other types of probiotics, each with unique properties and benefits. The field of probiotics research continues to evolve rapidly, uncovering new ways in which beneficial microbes can support our overall wellbeing.