Chapter 2 Pt. 2 Militarization

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Questions and Answers

What is a foundational element in the construction of police subculture, according to Kraska and Paulsen?

Need for physical fitness

Interest in mundane and unpleasant work

Fear of being a victim of violence (correct)

Desire for power and authority

According to Bayley, what is a significant aspect of a police officer's job?

Involvement in high-speed car chases

Regular participation in community events

Frequent use of guns and clubs

Physical contact with dirty and foul-smelling individuals (correct)

What contributes to the heightened fear among SWAT officers, as mentioned by Kraska and Paulsen?

Excessive use of force

Lack of training

Inadequate equipment

Dangerous assignments (correct)

What is noted as physically grueling for police officers, based on the textbook Militarization of Police?

Working all hours of the day and night Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of police roles described in the text?

Enforcer, idealist, realist, and optimist Signup and view all the answers

What did statistical analyses identify in the 1990s regarding types of officers?

Traditionalists, law enforcers, lay-lows, peacekeepers, old-pros, anti-organization street cops, and dirty harry enforcers Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of tough-cop policing?

Selectively enforces the law against serious crime Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge faced by police officers during their shifts?

Encountering family disturbances and traffic stops Signup and view all the answers

What is described as a characteristic of police culture?

Exhibiting cynicism and addiction to adrenaline Signup and view all the answers

What type of understanding do police officers have regarding their role in society?

A complex and nuanced understanding Signup and view all the answers

Some officers may experience conflict between their sympathy for citizens and the necessity to use force. What does this statement imply?

Officers may have moral dilemmas when using force despite their sympathy for citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What are some challenges faced by police officers due to their work schedule?

Long hours and irregular shifts leading to low social status. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of situations do police officers face during their shifts?

Family disturbances, traffic stops, traffic accidents. Signup and view all the answers

What did Kraska and Cubellis argue about the rise of tactical teams?

It was a direct product of the war on drugs Signup and view all the answers

What did Kraska and Cubellis imply about The Tactical Edge publication?

It is essentially a trade publication Signup and view all the answers

What was the main argument against Kraska and Cubellis' view on drug raids?

They overlooked the evils of widespread drug abuse and illegal possession of firearms Signup and view all the answers

What did Kraska and Cubellis observe about paramilitary officers?

They had their own professional organization, periodicals, and artwork Signup and view all the answers

What did Kraska and Cubellis complain about regarding for-profit training, weapons, and equipment suppliers?

They promoted 'the paramilitary subculture' Signup and view all the answers

What was the main characteristic of The Tactical Edge magazine according to Kraska and Cubellis?

It is essentially a trade publication Signup and view all the answers

What did Kraska and Cubellis imply about the SWAT team members' professional association?

It was not sinister as implied by others Signup and view all the answers

What did Kraska and Cubellis observe about the increase in paramilitary deployments?

It was related to the rise of tactical teams Signup and view all the answers

According to Kraska and Cubellis, police paramilitary teams are often used in economically deprived areas to address which of the following?

Drugs, guns, gangs, and community disorder Signup and view all the answers

In the 1970s, what percentage of black males aged 18-35 in Washington, D.C. were involved in the criminal justice system?

40-50% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all convictions accounted for drug violations according to the text?

30-50% Signup and view all the answers

Despite whites being three to five times more likely to use drugs, what percentage of those arrested for drug violations were blacks?

40% Signup and view all the answers

According to Kraska and Kappeler, which police unit was cited as an example of oppressing inner-city blacks?

Rapid Deployment Unit (RDU) Signup and view all the answers

What was the actual role of the Rapid Deployment Unit (RDU) mentioned in the text?

Conducting undercover drug buys and warrant service Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kraska and Cubellis (1997) discussed the issue of police reform and the use of para-military units in community policing.
They noted that police paramilitary teams are often used in economically deprived areas to address politicized problems like drugs, guns, gangs, and community disorder.
The U.S. prison population has increased by 600 percent in the last 30 years, with a disproportionate number of inmates being poor, minority males.
In the 1970s, 40-50 percent of black males aged 18-35 in Washington, D.C. were involved in the criminal justice system.
Drug violations accounted for 30-50 percent of all convictions, with blacks constituting 40 percent of all those arrested for drug violations, despite whites being three to five times more likely to use drugs.
Kraska and Kappeler cited the Rapid Deployment Unit (RDU) of the Washington, D.C. police as an example of a SWAT team oppressing inner-city blacks, but the RDU was actually a patrol unit conducting undercover drug buys and warrant service.
Officers of the RDU were described as using racist and demeaning language towards suspects.
Police administrators saw the need to target gangs and drug dealers, and the public supported harsh measures to suppress them, leading to a lack of outrage when abuses occurred.
The police saw themselves as attempting to save the community, as shown in Operation Pressure Point in New York City, where a police crackdown on drug markets led to a significant decrease in crime but also potential displacement of the drug market.

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