Types of Plant Tissues Quiz

Meristematic Tissue
- Composed of undifferentiated cells.
- Responsible for plant growth.
- Types:
  - Apical Meristem: Located at tips of roots and shoots.
  - Lateral Meristem: Involved in secondary growth, found in vascular and cork cambia.
  - Intercalary Meristem: Found at the bases of leaves and internodes.
Permanent Tissues
- Composed of differentiated cells.
- Functionally specialized for various roles.
- Types:
  - Simple Permanent Tissues:
    - Parenchyma: Basic tissue, involved in storage, photosynthesis, and tissue repair.
    - Collenchyma: Provides support; flexible yet strong.
    - Sclerenchyma: Provides rigid support; contains lignin.
  - Complex Permanent Tissues:
    - Xylem: Conducts water and minerals from roots to other parts; includes tracheids and vessel elements.
    - Phloem: Transports nutrients, specifically sugars, throughout the plant; includes sieve tubes and companion cells.

Characteristics:
- Cells are differentiated and specialized.
- Usually do not divide (except in some cases).
Functions:
- Support: Sclerenchyma and collenchyma provide strength and flexibility.
- Storage: Parenchyma stores starch, oils, and other substances.
- Transport: Xylem and phloem facilitate movement of water, minerals, and nutrients.
- Photosynthesis: Parenchyma in leaves contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Meristematic Tissue
- Composed of undifferentiated cells essential for growth.
- Types include:
  - Apical Meristem: Found at root and shoot tips; responsible for primary growth.
  - Lateral Meristem: Located in vascular and cork cambia; contributes to secondary growth.
  - Intercalary Meristem: Situated at the bases of leaves and internodes; aids in elongation.
Permanent Tissues
- Made of differentiated cells with specific functions.
- Divided into two categories:
  - Simple Permanent Tissues:
    - Parenchyma: Basic tissue for storage, photosynthesis, and tissue repair.
    - Collenchyma: Provides flexible structural support.
    - Sclerenchyma: Rigid support due to lignin, offering strength.
  - Complex Permanent Tissues:
    - Xylem: Conducts water and minerals from roots, featuring tracheids and vessel elements.
    - Phloem: Transports sugars and nutrients throughout the plant; includes sieve tubes and companion cells.

Growth: Facilitates both primary (length) and secondary (thickness) growth.
Cell Division: Exhibits continuous mitotic activity, allowing for rapid growth.
Differentiation: Capable of developing into various types of permanent tissues, adapting to plant needs.
Repair and Regeneration: Plays a critical role in healing plant tissues after damage.

Characteristics:
- Composed of specialized cells that generally do not divide (with some exceptions).
Functions:
- Support: Sclerenchyma and collenchyma provide structural integrity and flexibility.
- Storage: Parenchyma stores essential substances like starch and oils.
- Transport: Xylem and phloem are responsible for the movement of water, minerals, and nutrients.
- Photosynthesis: Parenchyma contains chloroplasts, enabling the process of photosynthesis in leaves.

Definition: Differentiated tissues that no longer have the ability to divide.

Composed of one cell type.
Parenchyma:
- Functions: Storage, photosynthesis, and aiding in tissue repair.
- Characteristics: Living cells with thin cell walls and large vacuoles.
Collenchyma:
- Functions: Provides flexible support to the plant.
- Characteristics: Living cells with unevenly thickened cell walls.
Sclerenchyma:
- Functions: Offers strength and rigidity.
- Characteristics: Dead cells with thick, lignified walls.

Composed of multiple cell types.
Xylem:
- Functions: Transports water and minerals from the roots to the shoots.
- Components: Includes tracheids, vessel elements, fibers, and parenchyma.
Phloem:
- Functions: Transports sugars and nutrients throughout the plant.
- Components: Composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, fibers, and parenchyma.

Definition: Technique for growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in a controlled environment using a nutrient medium.

Aseptic Technique: Maintains sterility of tools and media to prevent contamination.
Callus Culture: Induces the formation of a mass of undifferentiated cells (callus) for potential differentiation.
Organogenesis: Cultivates shoots or roots from plant explants.

Definition: Composed of undifferentiated cells capable of division to form new cells.

Apical Meristem:
- Location: Found at the tips of roots and shoots.
- Function: Responsible for primary growth, resulting in length increase.
Lateral Meristem:
- Types: Includes vascular cambium and cork cambium.
- Function: Facilitates secondary growth, contributing to increased thickness.
Intercalary Meristem:
- Location: Situated at nodes and the base of leaves, particularly in grasses.
- Function: Contributes to growth in length at specific points.