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Questions and Answers
What are syrups traditionally composed of?
Why may the use of acidic syrups result in reduced chemical stability for acid-labile therapeutic agents?
Why is it important to ensure that the therapeutic agent is soluble within the syrup base?
What is one of the most popular non-sucrose bases used in some formulations of oral syrups?
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What are the three principal types of solution formulations that are administered orally?
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What is the usual pH of oral solutions?
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Why have many products been formulated as medicated sugar-free syrups?
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Which class of excipients is used to affect the pourability of oral solutions?
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What are the primary colors used in the formulation of oral solutions?
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What is the purpose of using water-soluble antioxidants in oral solutions?
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Which of the following is not a class of excipients used in the formulation of oral solutions?
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What is the typical pH range for oral solutions, unless there are issues regarding the solubility or stability of the therapeutic agent?
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Which type of oral solution is administered to the gastrointestinal tract to provide systemic absorption of the therapeutic agent?
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What is one of the primary colors used in the formulation of oral solutions?
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Which class of excipients is used to affect the pourability of oral solutions?
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What is the purpose of the high concentration of sucrose in traditional syrups?
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Why must syrup substitutes provide an equivalent sweetness, viscosity, and preservation to the original syrups?
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What is a major consideration in choosing the syrup vehicle for incorporating therapeutic agents?
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What may be required when the concentration of sucrose in a syrup is reduced from the upper limit?
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Why are some products formulated as medicated sugar-free syrups?
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Study Notes
Composition of Syrups
- Traditionally, syrups are composed of sugar, water, and other additives.
Chemical Stability
- Acidic syrups can reduce the chemical stability of acid-labile therapeutic agents.
Solubility of Therapeutic Agents
- It is crucial to ensure that the therapeutic agent is soluble within the syrup base.
Non-Sucrose Bases
- One popular non-sucrose base used in some formulations of oral syrups is sorbitol.
Types of Oral Solution Formulations
- The three principal types of solution formulations administered orally are syrups, elixirs, and solutions.
pH of Oral Solutions
- The usual pH of oral solutions is between 4 and 8.
Sugar-Free Syrups
- Many products are formulated as medicated sugar-free syrups to cater to diabetic patients or those who require a reduced sugar intake.
- Sugar-free syrups provide an equivalent sweetness, viscosity, and preservation to the original syrups.
Excipients in Oral Solutions
- The class of excipients used to affect the pourability of oral solutions is rheology modifiers.
- Water-soluble antioxidants are used to prevent oxidation and spoilage of the therapeutic agent.
- Red and yellow are the primary colors used in the formulation of oral solutions.
Oral Solution Formulations
- The typical pH range for oral solutions is between 4 and 8, unless there are issues regarding the solubility or stability of the therapeutic agent.
- Systemic absorption of the therapeutic agent is achieved through oral solutions administered to the gastrointestinal tract.
Syrup Vehicles
- A major consideration in choosing the syrup vehicle is ensuring the therapeutic agent is soluble and stable within the vehicle.
- When the concentration of sucrose in a syrup is reduced from the upper limit, additional preservatives may be required.
- Some products are formulated as medicated sugar-free syrups due to the high caloric content of traditional syrups.
Sucrose in Traditional Syrups
- The high concentration of sucrose in traditional syrups serves as a preservative, adds sweetness, and enhances the texture.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the different types of pharmaceutical solutions used for oral administration, including oral solutions, oral syrups, and oral elixirs. Learn about their properties, uses, and administration.
