Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of ear wash aqueous solutions?

  • To clean the external auditory (correct)
  • To balance ear pressure
  • To deliver medication directly to the ear
  • To reduce inflammation in the ear canal

    • Which of the following best describes the typical pH level of douching solutions?

  • Within physiological limits (correct)
  • Outside physiological limits
  • Neutral only
  • Highly alkaline

    • What types of douches are mentioned in the content?

  • Vaginal and nasal (correct)
  • Nasal and oral
  • Vaginal and rectal
  • Ear and nasal

    • Which statement about ear wash solutions is false?

    <p>They should be used daily for best results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the solutions used for douching?

    <p>They usually have a pH within physiological limits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are spirit mentha and spirit anise primarily used for?

    <p>Flavoring agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage condition for spirits?

    <p>In tight, light-resistant containers at cool temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances are categorized as glycerins?

    <p>Viscid solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the vitamins that have oily characteristics?

    <p>Oleo vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option describes an incorrect practice when storing spirits?

    <p>Storing them in a warm place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an oral rehydration solution?

    <p>To treat diarrhea and mild volume depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components are commonly found in oral rehydration solutions?

    <p>Na+, K+, Cl-, citrate, dextrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms can oral rehydration solutions be found in?

    <p>Liquid and powder packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should oral rehydration solutions not be mixed with milk or fruit juice?

    <p>They dilute the electrolytes present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of body weight loss can oral rehydration solutions effectively treat?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of simple syrup?

    <p>Sucrose and purified water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do hydroxyl (OH) groups play in syrup viscosity?

    <p>They create hydrogen bonds with water, increasing viscosity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a medicated syrup?

    <p>It includes added medicinal ingredients in an aqueous preparation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes flavored syrup from simple syrup?

    <p>Flavored syrup contains flavoring agents but is not medicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of the patient visiting the pharmacist?

    <p>To obtain a medication for pain relief and healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of polyhydric alcohol such as sorbitol in syrups?

    <p>It contributes to viscosity through multiple hydrogen bonds with water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication would be most appropriate for treating buccal ulcers?

    <p>Topical analgesics for immediate pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a condition related to buccal ulcers?

    <p>Gingivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is the patient primarily experiencing that prompted the visit to the pharmacist?

    <p>Severe oral pain from ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When choosing a medication for buccal ulcers, which factor is least likely to influence the pharmacist’s recommendation?

    <p>The patient’s mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key storage requirement for syrups?

    <p>Preserved in well dried bottles and stored in a cool dark place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines elixirs in terms of composition?

    <p>They are clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions intended for oral use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does alcohol content affect elixirs?

    <p>Elixirs containing &gt; 10-12% alcohol are self-preserving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences the proportion of alcohol in elixirs?

    <p>The solubility characteristics of the individual components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about syrup storage is incorrect?

    <p>They can be kept in a humid place for better quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

    • This presentation covers various pharmaceutical dosage forms, specifically liquid oral preparations.

    Types of Oral Solutions

    • Oral Solutions: These include syrups, elixirs, linctus, draughts, and oral drops.
    • Syrup: A viscous, sweet aqueous preparation containing at least 45% sucrose. Viscosity is due to hydrogen bonds between the sucrose and water molecules.
      • Simple syrup consists of only sucrose and purified water.
      • Medicated syrups contain medicinal substances (e.g., Phenergan syrup).
      • Other syrups can be flavored (non-medicated), containing flavoring agents.
    • Elixir: A clear, sweet hydroalcoholic solution intended for oral use and usually flavored. Elixirs containing over 10-12% alcohol are self-preserving.
    • Linctus: A viscous preparation of the active ingredient in a high concentration of sucrose. It's used to relieve coughs. Glycerin is added for sweet taste and demulcent action.
    • Draught: A larger-volume liquid oral preparation, typically administered in a separate bottle (around 50 ml). Ipecacuanha draught is an example used to induce vomiting.
    • Oral Drops: A liquid preparation typically for pediatrics and contains vitamins. Drops are supplied in bottles with calibrated droppers.
    • Dry Powder for Solution: A dry powder that is reconstituted with a vehicle (like water). This is often used for unstable drugs like antibiotics. The resulting solution or suspension is stored in well-dried bottles in a cool, dark place.
      • The solution remains stable after reconstitution for 7-14 days, depending on storage conditions.
      • Penicillin V potassium solution is an example.

    Liquid For Cutaneous Application

    • Lotions: Aqueous, alcoholic, or oily preparations (mono or biphasic systems) that are applied to unbroken skin, without rubbing.
    • Liniments: Alcoholic or oleaginous solutions or emulsions applied with rubbing to the unbroken skin. Alcoholic liniments serve as rubefacients & counter irritants. Oleaginous liniments are used for massage.
    • Paints: Solutions or dispersions of active ingredients intended for application to skin or mucous membranes. They contain volatile solvents that evaporate quickly, leaving a dry film.
    • Collodion: A liquid preparation containing pyroxylin (nitrocellulose) in a mixture of ether and ethanol. This forms a protective film on surfaces. Collodion is made flexible by adding castor oil (a plasticizer). Pyroxylin is highly flammable and is stored in closed containers, protected from light. Salicylic Acid Collodion USP is a medicated liquid used for corns and warts.

    Types of Oromucosal Liquids

    • Mouth Wash: Therapeutic & cosmetic liquids used for the mouth. They can be used for gum problems.
    • Gargles: Aqueous solutions often containing antiseptics, antibiotics, and/or anesthetics, used for treating the throat and nasopharynx.
    • Gingival & Sublingual Preparations: Include sprays or drops for specific areas of oral mucosa, like gums during teething. They may be absorbed systematically.
    • Topical Oral Dental Solutions: Include benzocaine (anesthetic) for pain relief and eugenol for dental cavities.

    Solutions Administered into Body Cavities

    • Douches/ Irrigations: Sterile isotonic aqueous solutions for cleansing of body cavities and wounds. Examples include eye douches, pharyngeal douches, nasal, and vaginal douches, as well as ear washes.
    • Rectal Solutions (Enemas): Aqueous or oily solutions for rectal administration of medications in cleansing, diagnostic, or therapeutic situations. Enemas can be for retention (e.g., hydrocortisone), for evacuation (e.g., docusate potassium), or diagnostic purposes (e.g., Barium Sulphate).
    • Nasal Solutions: Aqueous solutions, administered in drops or sprays for various purposes like reducing congestion. Intranasal drug administration can also offer rapid absorption into systemic circulation.
    • Otic/ Aural Solutions: Topical preparations like glycerin/water solutions for the ear, usually including anesthetics, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory agents.
    • Ocular Solutions (Ophthalmic Solutions): Small-volume, isotonic, sterile liquid solutions for instillation into the eyes. The solutions often have specific pH and viscosity to ensure stability and comfort.

    Miscellaneous Liquids

    • Extracts & Tinctures: Concentrated solutions of active principles from animal or plant sources. Extracts are more concentrated than tinctures.
    • Spirits: Alcoholic solutions of volatile materials used mainly as flavoring agents.
    • Infusion & Decoctions: Herbal preparations where ingredients are steeped in liquid (often water) to extract their properties.
    • Aromatic Water: Water infused with flavoring agents, such as aromatic herbs or flowers.

    Viscid Solutions

    • Glycerins/Glycerites: Solutions or mixtures of medicinal substances in glycerol (minimum 50% glycerol).
    • Oleo Vitamins: Preparations of fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A & D) dissolved in edible vegetable oil. They should be stored in tight containers, preferably under inert gas, to avoid rancidity.

    Additional Notes

    • The provided pages contain examples of formulations and labeling requirements for different solution types.
    • Several case studies illustrate the potential use of different solution types in various medical situations, including muscle soreness, buccal ulcers and their appropriate usage.

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    Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms I - Lecture Six - PPC PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores various pharmaceutical dosage forms, focusing on liquid oral preparations. It covers oral solutions, including syrups, elixirs, linctus, and draughts, highlighting their compositions and uses. Test your knowledge on the types and characteristics of these essential medicinal formulations.

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