Types of Operating Systems
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a Multi-User Single-Tasking Operating System?

  • Allows one user to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
  • Allows one user to perform one task at a time.
  • Allows multiple users to perform one task at a time. (correct)
  • Allows multiple users to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
  • Which component is primarily responsible for managing communication between hardware devices and the operating system?

  • System Utilities
  • Kernel
  • System Libraries
  • Device Drivers (correct)
  • Which process state indicates that a process has been terminated but its parent process hasn't been notified?

  • Newborn
  • Ready
  • Waiting
  • Zombie (correct)
  • What type of memory allocation divides the memory into fixed-sized segments?

    <p>Paging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which file system operation involves removing a file from storage?

    <p>Delete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of authorization in security mechanisms?

    <p>Grants access to resources based on user identity and permissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of virtual memory?

    <p>Allows for faster access to all data stored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of operating system allows one user to perform multiple tasks simultaneously?

    <p>Single-User Multi-Tasking Operating System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Operating Systems

    • Single-User Single-Tasking Operating Systems: Allow one user to perform one task at a time (e.g., MS-DOS)
    • Single-User Multi-Tasking Operating Systems: Allow one user to perform multiple tasks simultaneously (e.g., Windows 95)
    • Multi-User Single-Tasking Operating Systems: Allow multiple users to perform one task at a time (e.g., older versions of Unix)
    • Multi-User Multi-Tasking Operating Systems: Allow multiple users to perform multiple tasks simultaneously (e.g., modern versions of Unix, Windows NT)

    Operating System Components

    • Kernel: Manages hardware resources and provides services to applications
    • Device Drivers: Manage communication between hardware devices and the operating system
    • System Libraries: Provide interfaces for applications to access operating system services
    • System Utilities: Perform maintenance and management tasks (e.g., disk formatting, backups)

    Process Management

    • Process: A program in execution
    • Process States:
      • Newborn: Process created
      • Ready: Process waiting for CPU time
      • Running: Process executing on CPU
      • Waiting: Process waiting for I/O or other event
      • Zombie: Process terminated, but parent process not notified
    • Process Scheduling: Allocates CPU time to processes (e.g., First-Come-First-Served, Shortest Job First, Priority Scheduling)

    Memory Management

    • Memory Hierarchy: Organization of memory levels from fastest to slowest (e.g., registers, cache, main memory, disk storage)
    • Memory Allocation: Assigns memory to processes (e.g., contiguous allocation, paging, segmentation)
    • Virtual Memory: Provides more memory than physically available (e.g., using disk storage)

    File Systems

    • File System Types:
      • Local File Systems: Store files on local devices (e.g., FAT, NTFS)
      • Network File Systems: Store files on remote devices (e.g., NFS, SMB)
    • File System Operations: Create, delete, read, write, and manage files and directories
    • File System Structure: Organization of files and directories (e.g., hierarchical, flat)

    Security

    • Security Threats: Unauthorized access, viruses, worms, Trojans
    • Security Mechanisms:
      • Authentication: Verifies user identity (e.g., passwords, biometrics)
      • Authorization: Grants access to resources based on user identity and permissions
      • Access Control: Controls access to resources based on permissions and access control lists (ACLs)

    Types of Operating Systems

    • Single-User Single-Tasking: Operates on one user executing a single task (e.g., MS-DOS).
    • Single-User Multi-Tasking: Facilitates a single user performing multiple tasks at the same time (e.g., Windows 95).
    • Multi-User Single-Tasking: Supports several users but only one task per user at any given time (e.g., older Unix versions).
    • Multi-User Multi-Tasking: Allows multiple users to execute several tasks concurrently (e.g., modern Unix, Windows NT).

    Operating System Components

    • Kernel: Core component responsible for hardware management and application services.
    • Device Drivers: Software that facilitates interaction between hardware devices and the operating system.
    • System Libraries: Collections of routines that provide application interface to operating system functions.
    • System Utilities: Tools that perform system maintenance and operational tasks like disk formatting and backups.

    Process Management

    • Process: The active execution instance of a program.
    • Process States:
      • Newborn: The phase when a process is created.
      • Ready: The process is prepared and waiting for CPU allocation.
      • Running: The process currently executing on the CPU.
      • Waiting: The process is in a hold state, waiting for input/output or another event.
      • Zombie: A completed process that has not yet been acknowledged by its parent process.
    • Process Scheduling: Mechanisms to assign CPU time to processes; methods include First-Come-First-Served, Shortest Job First, and Priority Scheduling.

    Memory Management

    • Memory Hierarchy: Ranks memory types from fastest to slowest, including registers, cache, main memory, and disk storage.
    • Memory Allocation: Strategies for distributing memory among processes, such as contiguous allocation, paging, and segmentation.
    • Virtual Memory: A memory management capability that allows the system to utilize disk storage to provide more memory than what is physically available.

    File Systems

    • File System Types:
      • Local File Systems: Manage files on local storage devices (e.g., FAT, NTFS).
      • Network File Systems: Handle files on remote servers (e.g., NFS, SMB).
    • File System Operations: Basic actions involving files and directories including creation, deletion, reading, and writing.
    • File System Structure: Organizational methods for files and directories, typically hierarchical or flat in design.

    Security

    • Security Threats: Risks to system integrity such as unauthorized access, viruses, worms, and Trojans.
    • Security Mechanisms:
      • Authentication: The process of confirming user identity via methods like passwords or biometrics.
      • Authorization: The process that determines user access to certain resources based on their identity and designated permissions.
      • Access Control: Mechanisms that regulate resource access based on set permissions and access control lists (ACLs).

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    Description

    Learn about the different types of operating systems, including single-user and multi-user, single-tasking and multi-tasking systems.

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