Types of Networks Quiz

Local Area Networks (LAN)

• Shared Transmission Medium: LANs usually share a common transmission medium, allowing multiple devices to communicate simultaneously.
• Limited Geographical Scope: LANs are typically confined to a small geographical area, such as a building or a campus.
• Maximum Distance: The maximum distance for a LAN can vary depending on the technology used and the cable type. However, the standard Ethernet specification limits the maximum distance to around 100 meters.
• Common Connection Methods: Common LAN connection methods include Ethernet, wireless (Wi-Fi), and fiber optic cables.
• Primary Function of Ethernet: Ethernet provides a standard for connecting devices and transmitting data within a LAN.

Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)

• Intermediate Network: MANs are larger than LANs but smaller than WANs, covering a geographical area roughly the size of a city or metropolitan region.
• Connecting Smaller Networks: MANs typically connect multiple LANs within a city or region, facilitating communication between different organizations.

Security in LANs

• Password Protection: Passwords are used to restrict access to specific users, protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access.
• Firewalls: Firewalls act as barriers between the LAN and the outside world, filtering incoming and outgoing traffic to prevent unauthorized access.

Wide Area Networks (WAN)

• Geographical Extent: WANs extend over a vast geographical area, spanning across countries, continents, or even the globe.

Search Engine Basics

• Index Components: Search engines typically store the following information in their index:
  • Keywords: Relevant words and phrases found in the content of web pages.
  • Links: URLs of websites and web pages linked to the indexed page.
  • Metadata: Descriptive data about the page, such as title, description, and author.
• Importance of Indexing: Indexing allows search engines to quickly retrieve relevant websites and pages for user queries, enhancing search efficiency.
• Search Engine Components:
  • Web Crawlers: Continuously scan the internet to discover and index new websites and pages.
  • Index: Stores information about websites and pages for fast retrieval.
  • Query Processor: Analyzes user queries and retrieves relevant results from the index.
  • Ranking Algorithms: Determine the order in which search results are displayed based on factors like relevance, popularity, and website authority.
• Search Engine Ranking: Ranking determines the position of a website in search results, impacting visibility and traffic.

VoIP

• Primary Disadvantage: VoIP's primary disadvantage is its reliance on a stable internet connection. Poor network quality can lead to call disruptions, delays (latency), and audio issues.

Website Fundamentals

• Website Definition: A website is a collection of interconnected web pages accessible via the internet, typically hosted on a web server.
• Website Purpose: Websites can serve numerous purposes, including:
  • Information Sharing: Providing information about individuals, organizations, or specific topics.
  • E-Commerce: Enabling online transactions and sales of goods and services.
  • Social Interaction: Facilitating communication and interaction between individuals and communities.
  • Entertainment: Providing access to multimedia content like games, videos, and music.
• Website Access: To access a website, a visitor needs to enter the website's URL (Uniform Resource Locator) into a web browser.
• Hyperlinks: Hyperlinks allow users to navigate between different pages within the same or other websites, creating a web of connected information.
• Website Design: Websites should be designed with the user experience in mind, focusing on clear navigation, intuitive layout, and easily accessible content.

Web Pages and Development

• Web Page Definition: A web page is a single document within a website, typically written in HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and displayed in a web browser.
• Static vs. Dynamic Web Pages:
  • Static Web Pages: Display pre-defined content that remains the same for all visitors.
  • Dynamic Web Pages: Content is generated dynamically in response to user requests, enabling interactivity and personalization.
• First Consideration in Website Development: The primary consideration should be the target audience and the purpose of the website.
• JavaScript for Web Page Interactivity: JavaScript is widely used to create interactive elements on web pages, enhancing user engagement.

Web Server and Static Web Pages

• Web Server Function: When handling a static web page request, the web server retrieves the requested HTML file from the server and sends it to the user's browser for display.
• Static Web Page Extension: The .html extension is commonly used for static web pages.

Dynamic Web Pages and Unique Features

• Dynamic Content Generation: Dynamic web pages feature content that changes based on user actions or data updates, offering personalized experiences.

Web Browser Components

• Address Bar: The address bar displays the URL of the currently accessed web page.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

• CSS Role: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to control the visual presentation of web pages, defining layout, colors, fonts, and other visual aspects.

Home Page

• Home Page Function: The home page is the main entry point to a website, providing users with a general overview of the site's content and navigation options.

World Wide Web (WWW)

• Web Page Standardization: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) promotes standards for web page design, ensuring consistency across browsers and platforms.
• Inventor of the WWW: Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1990.

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)

• URI Definition: A URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) is a general term for a string of characters used to identify and locate online resources, including websites and web pages.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

• URL Function: A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a specific type of URI used to identify and access web resources over the internet. It specifies the protocol, domain name, path, and sometimes query parameters to locate a resource.

Accessing Web Resources

• Content-based Access: Web resources can be accessed over the internet according to their content, including:
  • Websites: Hosted on web servers and accessed using URLs.
  • Files: Stored on servers and accessed via download links.
  • Services: Offered by websites and accessed through specific interactions.

Internet Services

• Internet Services: The internet provides a wide range of services, including:
  • Email: Electronic communication between users.
  • File Sharing: Sharing files over networks.
  • Web Browsing: Accessing websites and web pages.
  • Online Shopping: Purchasing goods and services over the internet.
  • Social Media: Engaging in social interactions and sharing content.

HTTP Protocol

• HTTP Significance: 'http' in a URL stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which defines the rules for transferring files, including web pages, over the internet.

World Wide Web

• WWW Features: The World Wide Web is a global network of interconnected documents and resources, accessed via the internet.
  • Hyperlinks: Link different web pages together.
  • Web Browsers: Software used to browse the web and access websites.
  • Web Servers: Host websites and provide access to web pages.