Types of Microscopes Quiz

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the basic structural unit of an element?

Isotope

Compound

Atom (correct)

Molecule

Which of the following best describes ionic bonding?

Atoms share electrons equally.

Atoms share two pairs of electrons.

Atoms donate or take on electrons to fill their valence shells. (correct)

Atoms form molecules by losing neutrons.

What percentage of the human body is primarily made up of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen?

50%

90%

Over 90% (correct)

75%

What type of bond results from the attraction between a positive and a negative ion?

Ionic bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of laboratory safety procedures?

To protect laboratory personnel and ensure safe equipment use Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes BSL 1 organisms?

Well-known organisms that typically do not cause disease in healthy individuals Signup and view all the answers

How do covalent bonds differ from ionic bonds?

Covalent bonds involve electron sharing, while ionic bonds involve electron transfer. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of water as a molecule?

It is a polar molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What should laboratories enforce when using open flames?

Maintain attention to nearby materials Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is one important characteristic of lab coats required for safety?

They must provide protection from corrosive substances and microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken in case a lab coat catches fire?

Remove it immediately Signup and view all the answers

What role do buffers play in biological systems?

Buffers help maintain stable pH levels. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hazards are considered when discussing laboratory safety?

Physical hazards such as sharp tools and flames Signup and view all the answers

What is a key measure when working with BSL 4 organisms?

Personal protective gear is necessary Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of biosafety levels in laboratory settings?

To categorize microorganisms by their ease of transmission and pathogenicity Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of carbohydrate?

Triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a protein during denaturation?

It changes shape due to environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What structure is characteristic of phospholipids?

A polar head and nonpolar tails Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is classified as a disaccharide?

Lactose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lipids serves as precursors to hormones?

Steroids Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond forms between two amino acids?

Peptide bond Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates?

Serving as an energy source Signup and view all the answers

What should you never do while in the laboratory?

Put anything in your mouth Signup and view all the answers

When should gloves be used in a laboratory setting?

Not all experiments require them Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate action when moving materials through common areas?

Use an ungloved hand for common surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which item should NOT be kept on the lab bench during experiments?

Cell phone Signup and view all the answers

What should you do before and after every lab experiment?

Disinfect the benchtop Signup and view all the answers

What action is considered strictly forbidden in the laboratory?

Performing unauthorized experiments Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for keeping hands clean in the laboratory?

To prevent contamination of materials Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is NOT acceptable during laboratory experiments?

Leaving active experiments unattended Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the condenser lens in a compound light microscope?

To focus light onto the specimen Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope type uses a single glass lens and requires minimal specimen preparation?

Simple light microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the eyepiece lens in a microscope?

To provide the initial magnification of the specimen Signup and view all the answers

How is the total magnification of a microscope determined?

By multiplying the objective lens magnification by the eyepiece magnification Signup and view all the answers

In microscopy, what does 'field of view' refer to?

The area visible through the microscope lens Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates a scanning electron microscope (SEM) from a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

SEM scans the surface while TEM transmits electrons through the specimen Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of a phase contrast microscope?

It enhances contrast in transparent specimens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT part of a compound light microscope?

Fluorescent light source Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a molecule?

Atoms that are bonded together. Signup and view all the answers

Ionic bonds form when atoms share electrons.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of the pH scale used to measure?

Acidity or basicity of a solution Signup and view all the answers

Water is considered a _______ molecule due to its uneven distribution of charge.

polar Signup and view all the answers

What role do isotopes primarily play in biology and medicine?

They are used in medical imaging and research. Signup and view all the answers

Match the bonds with their descriptions:

Ionic bond = Attraction between charged ions Covalent bond = Sharing of electrons between atoms Hydrogen bond = Attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom Polar bond = Uneven distribution of electrons in a molecule Signup and view all the answers

Covalent bonds result in the formation of positive and negative ions.

False Signup and view all the answers

List the four main elements that make up over 90% of the human body.

Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of nucleic acid?

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Signup and view all the answers

Adenine binds to cytosine in DNA.

False Signup and view all the answers

What role do nucleotides play in coenzymes?

They act as components of coenzymes. Signup and view all the answers

The technique used for precise gene editing is called _____

CRISPR-Cas9 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nucleic acid components with their functions:

DNA = Genetic information storage RNA = Protein synthesis ATP = Energy transfer Nucleotides = Building blocks of nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves the extraction of DNA and plasmid?

Cloning Signup and view all the answers

Cytosine pairs with thymine in RNA.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is one major use of DNA microarray technology?

To analyze gene expression levels. Signup and view all the answers

The primary structure of DNA is a double _____

helix Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a feature of molecular biology methods?

Explore the molecular basis of biological activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of DAPI in microscopy?

To bind to adenine-thymine-rich regions in DNA Signup and view all the answers

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) can view objects with less detail than a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to focus a microscope?

Always begin focusing with the scanning power objective 4x. Signup and view all the answers

The optical sections are created in a laser scanning confocal microscope using a ______ to remove unwanted fluorescence.

spatial filter Signup and view all the answers

Match the following fluorescent proteins with their corresponding color:

Red fluorescent protein (RFP) = Red Green fluorescent protein (GFP) = Green Signup and view all the answers

What should never be done in the laboratory?

Consuming food or beverages Signup and view all the answers

It is acceptable to use gloves to touch door handles and elevator buttons in the laboratory.

False Signup and view all the answers

What should you do before and after every lab experiment?

Disinfect the benchtop Signup and view all the answers

You should use an ungloved hand to touch ______ surfaces when transporting materials through common areas.

common Signup and view all the answers

Match the following items with their appropriate safety practices:

Gloves = Protect hands from chemicals Lab bench = Keep clean and organized Active experiments = Never leave unattended Disinfecting = Prevent contamination before and after Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following items is recommended to be stored away from the lab bench?

Cell phones Signup and view all the answers

You are allowed to apply makeup in the laboratory.

False Signup and view all the answers

What action is strictly forbidden in the laboratory?

Conducting unauthorized experiments Signup and view all the answers

Never ______ in the laboratory.

run Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is important to keep your hands clean in the laboratory?

Frequent hand washing Signup and view all the answers

What should you do with long hair while working with open flames?

Tie it back securely Signup and view all the answers

Safety glasses are not required when working with UV light.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of shoes should be worn during laboratory work?

Closed toed shoes Signup and view all the answers

In case of _____, you should immediately notify your instructor.

a lab emergency Signup and view all the answers

Match the safety equipment with its function:

Eyewash = Used for rinsing eyes after contamination Chemical shower = Used for decontaminating skin First aid kit = Contains supplies for minor injuries Fire extinguisher = Used to put out small fires Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should chemicals be disposed of in?

Biohazard bins Signup and view all the answers

It is acceptable to have loose clothing while conducting laboratory procedures.

False Signup and view all the answers

What must be done with biohazardous waste?

It must be placed in labeled bins or bags. Signup and view all the answers

A _____ plan protects lab personnel from chemical health hazards.

chemical hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take if there is a spill in the laboratory?

Notify your instructor Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main purposes of laboratory safety procedures?

Protect laboratory personnel Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical poses a significant hazard in the laboratory?

Corrosive chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized when using a Bunsen burner in the lab?

Keeping the flame under control Signup and view all the answers

Which biosafety level is most commonly used in undergraduate laboratories?

BSL 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is an important characteristic of lab coats?

They must provide coverage but not restrict movement Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a lab coat catches fire?

Remove the lab coat immediately Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding sharp tools in the laboratory?

They must always be properly disposed of in designated containers Signup and view all the answers

When should laboratory personnel consider the disposal of contaminated materials?

Immediately during or after any contamination occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for wearing gloves in a laboratory setting?

To protect hands from contamination or chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior should be avoided while in the laboratory?

Consuming food or beverages Signup and view all the answers

What items should be kept away from the lab bench to maintain cleanliness?

Personal items like cell phones and bags Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken when transporting materials through common areas?

Use an ungloved hand for common surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to disinfect the lab benchtop before and after experiments?

To prevent contamination and maintain cleanliness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is strictly forbidden during laboratory work?

Performing unauthorized experiments Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to ensure hands remain clean in the laboratory?

Practice correct hand washing techniques Signup and view all the answers

Why should not putting anything in your mouth be emphasized in laboratory safety?

To avoid the intake of dangerous substances Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to secure long hair when working with open flames in the laboratory?

Tie it back securely. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration for thoroughly washing your hands?

20 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What safety equipment is crucial for protecting your eyes during experiments involving UV light?

Goggles or safety glasses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best type of footwear to wear in a laboratory setting?

Closed-toed shoes. Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement system is primarily used by scientists around the world?

SI System Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a chemical spill occurs in the lab?

Notify your instructor right away. Signup and view all the answers

What must you do with jewelry before washing your hands?

Remove it Signup and view all the answers

Where should biohazardous waste be disposed of?

Appropriately labeled biohazard bins. Signup and view all the answers

How many ounces are there in a pound?

16 ounces Signup and view all the answers

What prefix in the SI system signifies one-millionth?

Micro Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for using fume hoods or biosafety cabinets in the laboratory?

To protect against inhalation of harmful substances. Signup and view all the answers

What type of accidents should be reported immediately during lab work?

Chemical spills, injuries, and broken equipment. Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement system does the United States primarily use?

English System Signup and view all the answers

Which item is NOT typically included in laboratory safety equipment?

Hair styling tools. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key features of the SI system concerning its structure?

It is based on the number 10. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT recommended for drying your hands after washing them?

Rubbing them on clothing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following items should be disposed of in a sharps container?

Used scalpel blades Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence for diluting concentrated acids?

Pour acid into water while stirring Signup and view all the answers

Which of these materials does NOT require sterilization after use?

Dissection tools Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for keeping chemical containers closed?

To prevent spills and contamination Signup and view all the answers

When should gloves be worn during laboratory exercises?

Whenever in contact with biohazardous materials Signup and view all the answers

What type of waste can be placed in a regular trash can?

Non-contaminated waste paper Signup and view all the answers

What happens to reusable materials that require sterilization after use?

They must be placed in the autoclave Signup and view all the answers

How should chemical labels be oriented when pouring from bottles?

Facing upwards Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Microscopes

Microscopes are tools used to view tiny biological objects invisible to the naked eye.
Different types of microscopes are available, each with unique features and applications.
Light microscopes use light to illuminate and magnify specimens.
- Compound light microscopes use multiple lenses to magnify specimens.
- Binocular Dissecting microscopes (stereomicroscopes) provide a three-dimensional view of specimens.
- Phase contrast microscopes enhance contrast between different parts of a specimen.
Fluorescent microscopes use fluorescent dyes to illuminate and visualize specific structures within a specimen.
- Confocal microscopes are a type of fluorescent microscope that uses lasers to scan and create images of very thin slices of a specimen.
Electron microscopes use electrons to illuminate and magnify specimens.
- Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) create images of the internal structures of a specimen.
- Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) create images of the surface of a specimen.

Compound Light Microscope

Compound light microscopes are the most common type used in biological research and education.
They use two sets of lenses: objective lens and eyepiece lens.
Light from a lamp is focused on the specimen by a condenser lens.
The specimen is placed on a glass slide with a coverslip on top.
The objective lens magnifies the specimen, and the eyepiece lens further magnifies the image.
The total magnification is calculated by multiplying the magnification of the objective lens by the magnification of the eyepiece lens.
Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two points that are close together.
Compound light microscopes typically have a resolution of about 0.2 micrometers.

Learning Outcomes

Define molecular biology methods and techniques.
Explain DNA cloning techniques.
Describe DNA and plasmid extraction.
Describe the CRISPR-Cas9 system.
Describe DNA synthesis and DNA microarray.
Explain the different types of DNA mutation.

Molecular Biology Methods

Used to study the molecular basis of biological activity.
Goal to isolate and analyze cellular components, exploring cells, their characteristics, and processes.
Commonly used methods include:
- Nucleic acid methods
- Protein methods
- Immunostaining methods

Standard Practices in the Laboratory

Gloves: Protect from contamination and chemicals, don't touch common surfaces outside of lab, use ungloved hand for common surfaces when leaving lab.
Mouth: Don't put anything in mouth (food, drinks, chewing gum), don't pipette by mouth, avoid dangerous substance intake.
Makeup: Don't apply makeup or adjust contact lenses.
Benchtop: Keep clean, have only necessary lab materials, leave active experiments unattended.
Disinfect: Benchtop before and after experiments to prevent contamination.
Clean hands: Keep hands clean before and after lab experiments.
Safety: Don't run in the lab, don't sit on laboratory benches.
Unauthorized Experiments: Strictly forbidden, never work without supervision.
Long Hair/Loose Clothing: Tie back long hair and secure loose clothing when working with open flames.
Eye Protection: Goggles, safety glasses or face shields required when working with UV light and any procedure that could cause splashes.
Footwear: Closed toed shoes required to protect from chemical spills and sharp objects.
Safety Equipment: Know the location of safety equipment like eyewash, chemical shower, first aid kit, and fire extinguisher.

Laboratory Safety Equipment

Chemical hygiene plans ensure lab worker safety from chemical hazards.
Fume hoods or biosafety cabinets should be used as directed.

Lab Emergencies

Notify instructor immediately for any spills, accidents, or injuries (chemical/biological spills, personal injuries, broken glass, equipment).

Biohazard Bin

Properly labeled bins or bags for biohazardous waste (non-reusable items contaminated with infectious agents, body fluids, animal tissue).

Fluorescent Proteins and Stains

Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP)
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole): Fluorescent stain that binds to adenine-thymine rich regions in DNA.

Confocal Microscopes

Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopes (LSCM):
- Optical sections are produced by scanning the specimen point by point with a focused laser beam.
- Pinhole removes fluorescence from above and below the focal plane.
- Imaging structures at discrete levels within an intact biological specimen.

Electron Microscope

Uses a beam of electrons magnified and focused by electron magnetics.
Views smaller objects compared to light microscopes with greater detail.
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): Analogous to compound light microscope.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): Analogous to dissecting light microscope.
Specimen preparation is extensive, potentially introducing artifacts.

Microscope Use

Keep both eyes open when using the microscope.
Never touch the eyepiece with your eyelashes.
Lowest power objective should be in position at the beginning and end of use.
Don't clean lenses with regular paper tissue.
Don't tilt the microscope when viewing.
Don't remove parts of the microscope.
Locate small objects first with the naked eye or under low power.
Always begin focusing with the scanning power objective (4x).

Focusing the Microscope

Lower stage with coarse adjustment knob. Place slide on stage and secure with clip.
While looking through eyepiece, slowly raise the stage until the object comes into view.
Fine adjustment knob sharpens focus if needed.

Laboratory Safety

Laboratories present various hazards, including corrosive chemicals, sharp objects, and open flames.
Microorganisms are categorized into four biosafety levels (BSL) based on their transmissibility and pathogenicity.
BSL-1 organisms, commonly used in undergraduate labs, are generally not harmful to healthy individuals.
BSL-4 organisms, requiring specialized labs, include highly dangerous pathogens like Marburg and hantaviruses.
Lab coats are crucial for protecting against contamination.
Always wear gloves to safeguard hands from chemicals and microorganisms, but avoid touching surfaces outside the lab with them.
Never consume food, drink, or chew gum in the lab.
Avoid applying makeup or adjusting contact lenses within the laboratory.
Always keep the lab bench clean and organized, removing personal belongings (e.g., cell phones, bags).
Never leave experiments unattended, especially those involving heat or reactions.
Disinfect the lab bench before and after each experiment.
Maintain hand hygiene before, after, and whenever contacting potential hazards.
Never run in the laboratory.
Do not sit on lab benches.
Unauthorized experiments are strictly prohibited.
Always work under supervision.
Tie back long hair and secure loose clothing, especially when working with open flames.
Wear goggles or face shields when using UV light or during procedures that generate aerosols or splashes.
Wear closed-toe shoes to protect against chemical spills and sharp objects.
Familiarize yourself with the location of safety equipment (eyewash station, chemical shower, first aid kit, fire extinguisher).
Utilize fume hoods or biosafety cabinets as instructed.
Report any spills, accidents, or injuries immediately to the instructor.
Dispose of biohazardous waste (non-reusable items, animal tissue) in properly labeled bins or bags.
Use sharps containers for broken glass, needles, scalpel blades, and other sharp objects.
Place non-contaminated waste paper or trash in regular trash cans.
Sterilize reusable materials in an autoclave before discarding, while non-sterile materials can be washed in the sink.
Always keep chemical containers tightly closed to prevent vapor escape.
Never use unmarked or unidentified reagents; consult your instructor if uncertain.
Use appropriate carrying methods for chemicals, avoiding contact with your body.
Always face chemical bottle labels upward when pouring to prevent damage.
Never add chemicals to bottles other than their intended contents.
Dilute acids by slowly pouring acid into water, stirring continuously.
Properly dispose of chemicals according to institutional guidelines.
Wash hands thoroughly before and after each experiment.
Removing jewelry is important for proper handwashing.
Apply soap and lather for at least 20 seconds, rubbing hands together thoroughly.
Rinse hands thoroughly under running water.
Dry hands with a clean towel or air dryer.
The SI (International System of Units) is the standard system of measurement used by scientists.
The SI system prefixes are based on the number 10, simplifying calculations.
All measurements require a number and a unit.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the various types of microscopes used in biology through this quiz. Test your knowledge on light, fluorescent, and electron microscopes along with their unique applications and features. Perfect for students and enthusiasts in the field of microscopy.