Types of Microscopes

Types of Microscopes

• Light Microscope: Uses visible light to magnify samples, limited to 2000x magnification and 0.2μm resolution.
• Electron Microscope: Uses electron beam to magnify samples, up to 100,000x magnification and 0.1nm resolution.
• Fluorescence Microscope: Uses fluorescent dyes to visualize samples, especially useful for biological samples.
• Scanning Probe Microscope: Uses physical probe to scan samples, allows for 3D imaging and manipulation of samples.

Parts of a Microscope

• Objective Lenses: Collect and focus light from the sample, determine magnification and resolution.
• Ocular Lenses: Magnify the image formed by the objective lenses.
• Stage: Holds the sample in place.
• Illumination: Provides light to the sample (e.g., LED, halogen, or mercury-vapor lamp).

Microscope Accessories

• Stains: Chemical dyes used to enhance contrast and visibility of samples.
• Mounting Media: Substances used to preserve and support samples (e.g., agar, gelatin).
• Microscope Slides: Glass or plastic slides used to hold samples in place.

Applications of Microscopes

• Biological Research: Study of cells, tissues, and microorganisms.
• Materials Science: Analysis of material properties and structures.
• Forensic Science: Examination of evidence in criminal investigations.
• Medical Diagnosis: Visualization of microorganisms and cellular structures for disease diagnosis.

Microscope Techniques

• Brightfield Microscopy: Uses transmitted light to visualize samples.
• Darkfield Microscopy: Uses scattered light to visualize samples.
• Phase Contrast Microscopy: Uses differences in refractive index to visualize samples.
• Confocal Microscopy: Uses laser light to create high-resolution images.

Types of Microscopes

• Light microscopes use visible light, have a 2000x magnification limit, and 0.2μm resolution.
• Electron microscopes use an electron beam, have up to 100,000x magnification, and 0.1nm resolution.
• Fluorescence microscopes use fluorescent dyes, ideal for biological samples.
• Scanning probe microscopes use a physical probe, enable 3D imaging and sample manipulation.

Parts of a Microscope

• Objective lenses collect and focus light, determining magnification and resolution.
• Ocular lenses magnify the objective lens image.
• The stage holds the sample in place.
• Illumination sources include LED, halogen, or mercury-vapor lamps.

Microscope Accessories

• Stains are chemical dyes enhancing sample contrast and visibility.
• Mounting media preserve and support samples, e.g., agar or gelatin.
• Microscope slides are glass or plastic, holding samples in place.

Applications of Microscopes

• Biological research involves studying cells, tissues, and microorganisms.
• Materials science analyzes material properties and structures.
• Forensic science examines evidence in criminal investigations.
• Medical diagnosis involves visualizing microorganisms and cellular structures.

Microscope Techniques

• Brightfield microscopy uses transmitted light for sample visualization.
• Darkfield microscopy uses scattered light for sample visualization.
• Phase contrast microscopy uses refractive index differences for sample visualization.
• Confocal microscopy uses laser light for high-resolution imaging.