Types of Microscope Quiz
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Types of Microscope Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of therapeutic assessment of a lesion?

  • To evaluate the size of the lesion
  • To assess patient pain levels
  • To differentiate between benign and malignant lesions (correct)
  • To determine the treatment method

    • When using infiltration anesthesia, it is advised to inject local anesthesia directly into the lesion.

    False

    What type of biopsy is performed by removing a wedge-shaped specimen of the pathological tissue?

    Incisional biopsy

    Fix the tissue immediately upon removal in _____ or 70% alcohol.

    <p>10% formalin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of biopsy mentioned?

    <p>Endoscopic biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of biopsy with its description:

    <p>Excisional biopsy = Total excision of a small lesion Punch biopsy = Sharpened hollow tube technique Brush biopsy = Abrading the surface for cells Core needle biopsy = Common needle biopsy procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A punch biopsy is commonly used in the oral cavity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to avoid tearing tissues during a biopsy?

    <p>Use a sharp scalpel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the condenser in a microscope?

    <p>To bring parallel light rays into focus on the slide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A simple microscope uses multiple lenses for magnification.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of electron microscopes?

    <p>Scanning electron microscope and Transmission electron microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The magnification power of a simple microscope can range from _____ to _____ times.

    <p>20X, 200X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of a compound microscope with their functions:

    <p>Objective = Nearest to the object being viewed Eyepiece = Nearest to the eye of the observer Base = Provides stability to the microscope Stage = Holds the slide for viewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscopy uses ultraviolet light?

    <p>Fluorescence microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The coarse adjustment is used for fine focusing at high magnifications.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the body tube in a compound microscope?

    <p>It carries the body tube, stage, sub-stage, and mirror.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest class in exfoliative cytology indicating positive for cancer?

    <p>Class V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exfoliative cytology is considered a reliable screening method for oral cancer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to prevent the decomposition of tissue immediately after removal?

    <p>Fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tissue processing step that involves the use of a sharp instrument to obtain a sample is called ___ to avoid distortion.

    <p>biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following classes of exfoliative cytology with their descriptions:

    <p>Class I = Normal cells observed Class II = Minor atypical cells without malignant change Class IV = Suggestive of cancer Class V = Obvious malignant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a commonly used fixative?

    <p>Trichloroacetic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oral exfoliative cytology involves only the study of deep tissue samples.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the fixation step in tissue processing?

    <p>To prevent decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of the dehydration process called?

    <p>Stage of gradual dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xylol is used in the clearing stage because it cannot dissolve in alcohol.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dehydration in tissue processing?

    <p>To remove excess fixative and prepare the tissue for embedding in wax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the impregnation process, empty spaces in the tissues are filled with __________.

    <p>paraffin wax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gel is commonly used to separate DNA and RNA?

    <p>Agarose gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following steps in tissue processing with their descriptions:

    <p>Dehydration = Removal of water from tissue Clearing = Replacement of alcohol with xylol Impregnation = Filling tissue spaces with molten wax Embedding = Placing tissue in a mold with embedding material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shorter molecules migrate further than longer ones in gel electrophoresis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is NOT typically used during the clearing stage?

    <p>Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol can be replaced directly with paraffin wax during the clearing process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of probes in Southern and Northern blots?

    <p>To bind to complementary nucleotide sequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical thickness for routine tissue sectioning?

    <p>4 to 10 micrometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of gel electrophoresis that separates proteins is called __________.

    <p>polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the blotting procedure?

    <p>Gel electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following techniques with their primary purposes:

    <p>Southern blot = DNA analysis Northern blot = RNA analysis Western blot = Protein analysis PAGE = Protein separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microscopes are only useful for observing large structures visible to the naked eye.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to immobilize molecules on the membrane after electrophoresis?

    <p>The gel is transferred onto the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Microscope

    • Light Microscopes use visible light and include:

      • Simple microscopes with one lens.
      • Compound microscopes with multiple lenses.
      • Specialized types such as dark field, phase contrast, polarizing, and interference microscopes.
      • Fluorescence microscopy utilizes ultraviolet light.

    • Electron Microscopes utilize electron beams for higher magnification, including:

      • Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
      • Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
      • Freeze Fracture Microscopy.

    Simple Microscope

    • Utilizes a single convex lens for magnification.
    • Magnification power typically ranges from 20X to 200X.
    • Appears in devices like magnifying glasses and loupes.

    Compound Microscope

    • Comprises at least two double convex lenses: objective (near the sample) and eyepiece (near the eye).
    • Contains several integral parts including:
      • Stand: Provides stability, typically shaped like a horseshoe.
      • Body: Includes the body tube, stage, sub-stage, and mirror.
      • Optical System: Focuses light onto the slide using a condenser for clearer imaging.

    Mechanical Adjustments

    • Focusing Mechanisms:
      • Coarse adjustment screws for initial focus using lower magnifications.
      • Fine adjustment screws for precise focusing with higher magnifications.

    Biopsy Techniques

    • Types of Biopsy:
      • Excisional (removal of entire lesion).
      • Incisional (removal of a wedge-shaped tissue).
      • Punch (removal using a hollow tube).
      • Brush (abrading tissue surface for samples).
      • Core needle (taking tissue or fluid samples).
      • Exfoliative cytology (studying exfoliated cells).

    Excisional Biopsy

    • Entire small lesions (less than 1 cm) are excised with surrounding normal tissue.

    Incisional Biopsy

    • Used for larger lesions (more than 1 cm) where complete removal isn’t feasible.

    Punch Biopsy

    • Not typical for oral cavity lesions, involves rotational removal using a hollow tube.

    Exfoliative Cytology

    • Examines cells shed from the surface; classified into five classes based on malignancy likelihood.

    Tissue Processing Steps

    • Fixation: Prevents decomposition and stabilizes tissue structure.
    • Dehydration: Removes water from tissue using ascending grades of alcohol.
    • Clearing: Replaces dehydrating alcohol with a fluid (typically xylol) compatible with embedding agents.
    • Impregnation: Fills tissue spaces with paraffin wax to stabilize for sectioning.
    • Embedding and Blocking: Molds tissue in hardened media for slicing.
    • Section Cutting: Produces thin slices for microscopic analysis.
    • Routine Staining: Enhances visibility of cellular structures.

    Fixation

    • Key in tissue preservation; commonly used agents include formalin and alcohol.

    Molecular Hybridization

    • Begins with gel electrophoresis, separating DNA, RNA, or proteins based on size and charge using agarose or polyacrylamide gels.

    Conclusion

    • Microscopes enable the observation of microscopic organisms and structures crucial for various scientific fields.
    • Understanding microscope operation and associated techniques enhances knowledge at the molecular level and is vital for ongoing advancements in science.

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    Related Documents

    Lesson+2+Histology+and+Pathology+tools.pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the various types of microscopes, including light and electron microscopes. This quiz covers simple, compound, and specialized microscopy techniques. Explore different methods such as fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

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