37 Questions
What is a strong association of vitiligo?
Autoimmune thyroid disorders
Which of the following is NOT a high-risk factor for melanoma?
Caucasian descent
What is the main clinical feature of melanoma?
Hypopigmentation
Which pathway is associated with pro-growth signaling in melanoma?
NRAS/BRAF
What are typical markers for melanoma?
S-100
Which pattern describes radial growth in metastatic melanoma?
'Superficial spreading' spread
What type of nevi is associated with a high risk of developing melanoma?
'Dysplastic Nevus'
Which of the following is NOT a feature of atypical melanocytes in invasive melanoma?
'Clear cytoplasm'
'Vertical Growth Phase' in melanoma represents:
'Downward invasion into deeper dermal layers'
Which protein controls cell signaling pathways responsible for growth, migration, adhesion, cytoskeletal integrity, survival, and differentiation?
NRAS
In melanoma, RAS mutation occurs by switching signaling from BRAF to which other protein?
CRAF
Which syndrome is associated with germline mutations in BRAF?
Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
What is the function of TERT (Telomerase reverse transcriptase) in rapidly dividing cells?
Increasing telomerase activity
Which clinical feature is NOT commonly associated with Hutchinson's sign?
Bowen’s disease
Which type of carcinoma is NOT mentioned as being associated with mutations in TERT promoters?
Squamous cell lung carcinoma
What cellular processes are affected by BRAF mutations?
Differentiation and secretion
'SLIDES' in the text refers to what cellular component?
'SLIDES' is not a cellular component mentioned in the text
'Hutchinson's sign' is characterized by which specific feature on the nails?
"Brown-black pigmentation from longitudinal melanonychia"
Which characteristic is typical of Amelanotic melanoma?
Reddish, elevated plaque
Which feature distinguishes Melanoma in Situ from Invasive Melanoma?
Basal and upper epidermis involvement
What is a key characteristic of Nodular Melanomas?
Maturation of tumor cells
What distinguishes Superficial Spreading Melanomas histologically?
Irregular acanthosis with nest formation
Which subtype of Melanoma is known to affect the skin of soles and palms?
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
What histological feature is common in Acral Lentiginous Melanomas?
Spindle dermal component but not epidermal involvement
Which subtype of melanoma is characterized by a reddish slightly elevated plaque?
Amelanotic Melanoma
'Hutchinson’s sign' is associated with which type of Melanoma?
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Which characteristic is typical of Lentigo Maligna Melanoma?
Basal and upper epidermis involvement
In typical melanocytes in the basal layer, which feature is NOT commonly observed?
Dermal spindle melanocytes
Which type of melanoma cells are noted for their presence in nests or single cells at the basal layer?
In situ Lentigo maligna
Which characteristic is NOT associated with Invasive Melanomas?
Basal layer location
What is a common marker that is NEGATIVE in Paget's disease but POSITIVE in both benign nevus and melanoma?
S100
Which level of Clark's system of invasion involves no penetration of the basement membrane?
Level I: In Situ
Which feature is characteristic of Nodular Melanoma?
Radial growth
What differentiates Lentigo Maligna from Lentigo Maligna Invasive?
'Solar elastosis in underlying dermis
'Spindled or epithelioid' cells are most commonly seen in which invasive type of melanoma?
'Superficial Spreading' Melanoma
'Multinucleated melanoma cells' are typically found in which type of melanoma?
'Lentigo Maligna Invasive'
'Solar elastosis' is a feature most commonly associated with which type of melanoma?
'Lentigo Maligna Invasive'
Test your knowledge on the identification and types of melanomas including asymmetry, irregular borders, color variation, amelanotic melanoma, reddish elevated plaque, and melanoma in situ. Explore different characteristics and features of melanomas in this quiz.
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